Waveform Design and Diversity for Advanced Radar Systems

【实例简介】
contents Contents Waveform diversity: a way forward to the future of the radar A. De Maio, A. Farina, F. Gini, L. Patton and M.Wicks Chapter 1 Classical radar waveform design Nadav Levanon Chapter 2 Information theory and radar waveform design Mark R. Bell and Mir Hamza Mahmo
Gini 00 Gini FM. tex April 17, 2012 16: 15 Page ii other volumes in this series: Vol Optimised radar processors A Farina( Editor) Volume weibull radar clutter m. sekine and y mao Volume 7 Ultra-wideband radar measurements: analysis and processing L Yu. Astanin and AA. Kostylev lume 8 Aviation weather surveillance systems: advanced radar and surface sensors for flight safety and air traffic management P.R. Mahapatra Volume 10 Radar techniques using array antennas W. Wirth Volume 11 Air and spaceborne radar systems: an introduction P. Lacomme(Editor) Volume 13 Introduction to RF stealth D. Lynch Volume 14 Applications of space-time adaptive processing R Klemm(Editor) Volume 15 Ground penetrating radar 2nd edition D. Daniels Volume 16 Target detection by marine radar J. Briggs Volume 17 Strapdown inertial navigation technology, 2nd edition D. Titterton and Volume 18 Introduction to radar target recognition P. Tait Volume 19 Radar imaging and holography A. Pasmurov and S Zinovjev Volume 20 Sea clutter: scattering, the K distribution and radar performance K Ward Tough and SWatts Volume 21 Principles of space-time adaptive processing, 3rd edition R Klemm Volume 1oi introduction to airborne radar 2nd edition g w, stimson Gini 00 Gini FM.tex April 17, 2012 16: 15 Page iii Waveform design and diversity for Advanced radar Systems Edited by Fulvio gini, antonio de maio and lee patton The Institution of Engineering and Technology Gini 00 Gini FM. tex April 17, 2012 16: 15 Page iv Published by the Institution of Engineering and Technology London United Kingdom The Institution of Engineering and Technology is registered as a Charity in England ales(no. 211014)and Scotland(no. SC038698) C 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology First published 2012 This publication is copyright under the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention all rights reserved. apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publisher at the undermentioned address The Institution of Engineering and Technology Michael faraday house Six Hills Way, Stevenage Herts, SGI 2AY, United Kingdom www.thelet.org While the authors and publisher believe that the information and guidance given in this work are correct, all parties must rely upon their own skill and judgement when making use of them. Neither the authors nor publisher assumes any liability to anyone for any loss or damage caused by any error or omission in the work, whether such an error or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause. Any and all such liability is disclaimed The moral rights of the authors to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the copyright, designs and Patents Act 1988 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data a catalogue record for this product is available from the british library sBN978-1-84919265-1( hardback SBN978-1-84919266-8(PDF) Typeset in India by MPs Limited Printed in the UK by CPI Group(UK)Ltd, Croydon, CRO 4YY Gini 00 Gini FM. tex April 17, 2012 16: 15 Page v Contents Waveform diversity: a way forward to the future of the radar 1 Classical radar waveform design Introduction 1.2 Narrow-band signal 4 Linear frequency modulated pulse P 1.3 Matched filter and ambiguity functi 5 1.5 Phase-coded pulse 9 1. 5. 1 Binary sequences 9 1.5.2 Poly 1.6 Coherent pulse train 7 Mismatched filters 1.8 Spectral effic 15 1.9 Coherent train of diverse pulses 1.9. 1 Complementary pulses 9.2 Stepped-frequency pulses 20 1.10 Frequency-coded waveforms 24 1. 11 Multicarrier waveforms 27 1. 12 Continuous periodic waveforms 30 1.13 Conclusie 34 Reference 34 2 Information theory and radar waveform design 37 2.1 Introduction 37 2 Information theory and radar waveform design 39 2. 2.1 Mutual information 39 2.2.2 Mutual information and the noisy channel Coding Theorem 40 2. 2. 3 Mutual information and radar measurement 42 2.2.4 Target impulse response 47 2.2. 4.1 Maximum mutual information waveforms 49 2.2.5 Maximal mutual information waveform design 52 2.3 Recent work applying information theory to radar 55 2.4 Summary and conclusions 59 References 60 Gini 00 Gini FM. tex April 17, 2012 16: 15 vi Waveform design and diversity for advanced radar systems 3 Multistatic ambiguity function and sensor placement strategies Introduction 3.2 Problem formulation 65 3. 3 Multistatic ambiguity function 66 3.4 Sensor placement in multistatic radar systems 68 3.5 Conclusions 86 References 87 4 MIMO radar waveform design 89 4.1 Introduction 89 4.2 MIMO radar data model and transmission schemes 94 4.3 FT-CDMA 97 4.3.1 MIMO caN waveforms 98 4.3.2 ZCZ waveforms 102 4.4 FDMA 108 4.5 TDMA 108 4.6 DDMA 111 4.7 ST-CDMA 113 4.8 Conclusions 116 References 117 5 Passive bistatic radar waveforms 121 5.1 Introdu 121 5.2 The radar equation in bistatic radar 123 5.3 The ambiguity function in bistatic radar 124 5.4 Passive bistatic radar waveforms 126 5.4.1 FM rad 126 5.4.2 Analogue television 128 5.4.3 Digital radio and Tv 130 5.4.4 Cell phone networks 130 5.4.5 WiFi and WiMAX transmissions 132 5.4.6 Other transmissions 134 5.4.7 Summary of transmitters 137 5.5 Examples of passive bistatic radar systems 138 5.5.1 The signal and interference environment in PBR 138 5.5.2 PBR processing techniques 140 5.5.3 Examples of results 142 5.5.4 Digital transmissions 144 5.6 Conclusions 144 References 145 6 Biologically inspired waveform diversity 149 6.1 Introduction 149 6.2 Waveform types 150 6.3 Waveform diversity and the 'feeding buzz 155 Gini 00 Gini FM. tex April 17, 2012 16: 15 Page vii ontents v1l 6. 4 Frequency modulations 160 6.4.1 Linear frequency modulation 160 6.4.2 Hyperbolic fre 161 6.4.3 Doppler tolerance and wideband ambiguity function 162 6.5 Iversity processing 164 6.6 Conclusions 169 References 170 7 Continuous waveforms for automotive radar systems 173 7. 1 Introduction 175 7.2 Waveform de 178 7. 2. 1 Monofrequency continuous wave radar system 180 7.2.1.1 Modulation scheme 181 7.2. 1.2 Signal processing 182 7.2.1.3 System design 183 7. 2.1.4 Discussion 183 7.2.2 Linear frequency modulated continuous waveform 184 7.2.2.1 Modulation scheme 184 7. 2.2.2 Signal processing 186 7.2.2.3 System design 188 7.2.2. 4 Discussion 189 7.2.3 Frequency shift keying waveform 18 7. 2.3.1 Modulation scheme 190 7.2.3.2 Signal processing 190 7. 2.3. 3 System design 191 7.2.3.4 Discussion 192 7.2. 4 Multiple frequency shift keying waveform 193 7.2. 4.1 Modulations scheme 193 7.2.4.2 Signal processing 194 7. 2.4.3 System design 195 7.2.4.4 Discussion 195 7. 2.5 Frequency modulation with rapid chirps 195 7.2.5.1 Modulations scheme 196 7.2.5.2 Signal sIng 196 7.2.5.3 System design 197 7.2.54Di 19 7.3 Azimuth angle measurement 199 7.4 Measurement of lateral velocity 201 7.4.1 Radar measurement of lateral velocity 202 7. 5 Conclusion 204 Refe 205 8 Multistatic and waveform-diverse radar pulse compression 207 8.1 Introducti 207 8.2 Multistatic received signal mod 209 Gini 00 Gini FM. tex April 17, 2012 16: 15 Page viii viii Waveform design and diversity for advanced radar systems 8. 3 Multistatic adaptive pulse compression 212 8.4 MAPC-Clean hybridization 216 8.4. 1 Bistatic projection CLEAN 218 8.4.2 Hybrid CLEAN 220 8.5 Single-pulse range-Doppler imaging 222 8.6 Stepped-frequency radar 225 8.7 Conclusions 227 Refe 228 9 Optimal channel selection in a multistatic radar systen Introduction 232 9.2 Bistatic geometry 233 9.3 Monostatic and bistatic ambiguity function 235 9.4 Monostatic and bistatic Cramer-Rao lower bounds 236 9.5 Ambiguity function and Cramer-Rao lower bounds for a burst of lFm pulses 239 9.6 Optimal selection of the TX-RX pair 245 9.7 Conclusions 252 Appendix: Relation between CRLB and AF 253 References 256 10 Waveform design for non-cooperative radar networks 259 10.1 Introduction 259 10.2 System model 261 10.3 Problem formulation 264 10.3. 1 Signal-to-noise ratio 264 10.3.2 Mutual interference constraints 265 0.3.3 Energy constraint 267 10.4 Code design 268 10.4.1 Equivalent problem formulations 268 10.4.2 Relaxation and randomization 268 10.4.3 Approximation bound 269 10.5 Performance analysis 270 10.5.1 Maximization of the snr 271 0.5.2 Control of the induced interference 275 10.5.3 Computational complexity 278 10.6 Conclusions 278 Appendix: Solvability of the optimization problem R eferences 279 II Waveform design based on phase conjugation and time reversal 283 11.1 Introduction 283 11.2 Phase conjugation and time reversal theoretical background 284 11. 2.1 Time reversal invariance in wave propagation 284 Gini 00 Gini FM. tex April 17, 2012 16: 15 Page i Contents ix 11.3 Phase conjugation and operational radaR application 287 11.3. 1 Phase conjugation versus classical strategies 28 11.3. 1 1 Pencil beams(emission and reception with pencil beams 288 11.3.1.2 Digital beam forming(emission with wide beam, reception with DBF) 288 1.3.1.3 Phase conjugation(emission with PC ception with DBF) 288 11.3.2 Phase conjugation and DORT methods for RADAR 289 11.3.3 SNR derivation single-target case 293 11.3.3. 1 DORT eigenvalues 295 11.3 4 snR derivation-multiple targets case 296 11.3.4.1 DORT eigenvalues 298 11.3.5 SnR derivation- moving target 299 11.3.6 Detectio 301 4 Phase conjugation implementation in RADAR 302 1.5 LSEet prototype description 304 11. 5. 1 UWB phase conjugation experiment 305 11.5.1. 1 Details of measurement 305 11.5.1.2 Results and discussion 306 11.5.2 UWB DORT experiment 308 11.5.2. 1 Details of measurements 308 11.5.2.2 Results and discussion 309 11.6 Conclusion R ererences 12 Space-time diversity for active antenna systems 317 12. 1 Introduction 317 12.2 From focused beam and wide beam to multiple transmissions 319 12. 3 Space-time coding 321 12.3. 1 Principl 321 12.3.2 Fast scanning or intra-pulse scanning 323 12.3.3 Circulating pulse 324 12. 3.4 Circulating codes: general principle 327 12.3.5 Code optimizatio 327 12.4 Interleaved scanning(slow-time space-time coding 333 12.5 Target coherence and diversity gains 335 12.5. 1 Target coherence 335 2.5.2 Diversity gain 336 6 Coding strategy 12.7 Conclusion 39 References 340 【实例截图】
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