普中51单片机资料

【实例截图】

【核心代码】

目录
普中 51 单片机开发攻略...................................................................................................................1
第 1 章 如何使用本攻略...................................................................................................................1
产品购买地址：.........................................................................................................................2
第 2 章 如何学习单片机...................................................................................................................3
2.1 学习哪种类型的单片机......................................................................................................4
2.2 学习单片机的最佳方法......................................................................................................4
2.2.1 鹦鹉学舌...................................................................................................................5
2.2.2 照葫芦画瓢...............................................................................................................5
2.2.3 他山之石，可以攻玉...............................................................................................5
2.2.4 理论实践结合，温故而知新.................................................................................. 6
2.3 学习单片机的准备工作......................................................................................................6
2.3.1 要有信心、恒心和耐心.......................................................................................... 6
2.3.2 完善配套的教程.......................................................................................................7
2.3.3 计算机一台...............................................................................................................7
2.3.4 51 开发板一块...........................................................................................................7
2.4 学习单片机的常见疑问......................................................................................................8
2.4.1 学完单片机能做什么...............................................................................................8
2.4.2 学完单片机能找什么工作，薪资待遇怎么样......................................................8
2.4.3 学习单片机应该学 C 还是汇编语言....................................................................10
课后作业...................................................................................................................................10
第 3 章 开发板功能及使用介绍.....................................................................................................11
3.1 开发板功能介绍................................................................................................................12
3.2 开发板使用方法................................................................................................................13
3.2.1 CH340 驱动安装......................................................................................................13
3.2.2 程序的烧录（下载）............................................................................................ 15
3.2.3 51 仿真器调试.........................................................................................................19
3.2.4 实验现象.................................................................................................................20
课后作业...................................................................................................................................20
第 4 章 51 单片机介绍....................................................................................................................21
4.1 51 单片机介绍....................................................................................................................22
4.1.1 单片机简介.............................................................................................................22
4.1.2 51 单片机简介.........................................................................................................22
4.2 STC89Cxx 芯片介绍............................................................................................................24
4.2.1 STC89C51 芯片简介.................................................................................................26
4.2.2 STC89C51 芯片引脚介绍........................................................................................ 27
4.2.3 STC89C51 芯片内部结构........................................................................................ 32
4.3 51 单片机能做什么............................................................................................................33
4.4 怎样学好 51 单片机..........................................................................................................35
课后作业...................................................................................................................................36
第 5 章 数字电路与 C 语言基础.................................................................................................... 37
5.1 电平特性............................................................................................................................38
5.2 二进制与十六进制............................................................................................................39
5.2.1 二进制.....................................................................................................................39
5.2.2 十六进制.................................................................................................................41
5.3 二进制的逻辑运算............................................................................................................41
5.3.1 与运算.....................................................................................................................41
5.3.2 或运算.....................................................................................................................42
5.3.3 非运算.....................................................................................................................42
5.3.4 同或运算.................................................................................................................43
5.3.5 异或运算.................................................................................................................43
5.4 C51 基础知识......................................................................................................................43
5.4.1 C 语言简介...............................................................................................................43
5.4.2 C51 数据类型.......................................................................................................... 44
5.4.3 C51 运算量...............................................................................................................47
5.4.4 C51 运算符...............................................................................................................52
5.4.5 C51 表达式及复合语句.......................................................................................... 57
5.4.6 C51 基本结构和相关语句......................................................................................58
5.4.7 函数.........................................................................................................................66
5.4.8 C51 构造数据类型.................................................................................................. 69
课后作业...................................................................................................................................70
第 6 章 51 单片机最小系统............................................................................................................71
6.1 51 单片机最小系统构成....................................................................................................72
6.1.1 晶振电路.................................................................................................................73
6.1.2 复位电路.................................................................................................................73
6.1.3 电源电路.................................................................................................................74
6.1.4 下载电路.................................................................................................................74
课后作业...................................................................................................................................76
第 7 章 KEIL C51 软件安装..............................................................................................................77
7.1 KEIL C51 软件获取..............................................................................................................78
7.2 KEIL C51 软件安装..............................................................................................................78
7.3 KEIL C51 软件破解..............................................................................................................81
课后作业...................................................................................................................................85
第 8 章 51 单片机工程模板创建....................................................................................................86
8.1 51 单片机工程模板创建....................................................................................................87
8.1.1 新建工程.................................................................................................................87
8.1.2 选择 CPU 型号........................................................................................................88
8.1.3 给工程添加文件.....................................................................................................90
8.1.4 配置魔术棒选项卡................................................................................................ 92
8.1.5 修改编程区内字体大小........................................................................................ 95
8.2 reg52.h 头文件介绍........................................................................................................... 96
8.2.1 头文件作用.............................................................................................................96
8.2.2 头文件内容.............................................................................................................97
课后作业.................................................................................................................................101
第 9 章 点亮第一个 LED................................................................................................................102
9.1 51 单片机 GPIO 介绍....................................................................................................... 103
9.1.1 GPIO 概念.............................................................................................................. 103
9.1.2 GPIO 结构框图与工作原理..................................................................................104
9.2 LED 简介............................................................................................................................111
9.3 硬件设计..........................................................................................................................112
9.4 软件设计..........................................................................................................................113
9.4.1 点亮第一个 LED................................................................................................... 113
9.4.2 LED 闪烁实验.........................................................................................................114
9.4.3 LED 流水灯实验.....................................................................................................119
9.5 实验现象..........................................................................................................................121
课后作业.................................................................................................................................122
第 10 章 蜂鸣器实验.....................................................................................................................123
10.1 蜂鸣器介绍....................................................................................................................124
10.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................125
10.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................125
10.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................127
课后作业.................................................................................................................................128
第 11 章 静态数码管实验.............................................................................................................129
11.1 数码管介绍....................................................................................................................130
11.1.1 数码管简介.........................................................................................................130
11.1.2 数码管显示原理................................................................................................ 130
11.1.3 数码管静态显示原理........................................................................................ 133
11.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................134
11.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................135
11.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................136
课后作业.................................................................................................................................137
第 12 章 动态数码管实验.............................................................................................................138
12.1 数码管介绍....................................................................................................................139
12.1.1 多位数码管简介................................................................................................ 139
12.1.2 数码管动态显示原理........................................................................................ 139
12.2 74HC245 和 74HC138 芯片介绍....................................................................................140
12.2.1 74HC245 芯片简介..............................................................................................140
12.2.2 74HC138 芯片简介..............................................................................................141
12.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................143
12.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................144
12.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................146
课后作业.................................................................................................................................147
第 13 章 独立按键实验.................................................................................................................148
13.1 按键介绍........................................................................................................................149
13.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................150
13.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................151
13.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................154
课后作业.................................................................................................................................154
第 14 章 矩阵按键实验.................................................................................................................155
14.1 矩阵按键介绍................................................................................................................156
14.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................157
14.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................157
14.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................162
课后作业.................................................................................................................................162
第 15 章 IO 扩展(串转并)-74HC595............................................................................................. 163
15.1 74HC595 芯片介绍.........................................................................................................164
15.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................165
15.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................165
15.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................168
课后作业.................................................................................................................................169
第 16 章 LED 点阵实验..................................................................................................................170
16.1 LED 点阵介绍..................................................................................................................171
16.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................172
16.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................172
16.3.1 LED 点阵（点亮一个点）..................................................................................172
16.3.2 LED 点阵（显示数字）...................................................................................... 175
16.3.3 LED 点阵（显示图像）...................................................................................... 181
16.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................184
16.4.1 LED 点阵（点亮一个点）..................................................................................185
16.4.2 LED 点阵（显示数字）...................................................................................... 185
16.4.3 LED 点阵（显示图像）...................................................................................... 186
课后作业.................................................................................................................................187
第 17 章 直流电机实验.................................................................................................................188
17.1 直流电机介绍................................................................................................................189
17.2 ULN2003 芯片介绍.........................................................................................................190
17.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................191
17.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................192
17.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................193
课后作业.................................................................................................................................194
第 18 章 步进电机实验.................................................................................................................195
18.1 步进电机简介................................................................................................................196
18.2 步进电机工作原理........................................................................................................196
18.2.1 步进电机极性区分............................................................................................ 197
18.2.2 双极性步进电机驱动原理................................................................................198
18.2.3 单极性步进电机驱动原理................................................................................200
18.2.4 细分驱动原理.................................................................................................... 203
18.3 步进电机技术指标........................................................................................................203
18.3.1 静态技术指标.................................................................................................... 203
18.3.2 动态技术指标.................................................................................................... 204
18.4 28BYJ-48 步进电机简介.................................................................................................204
18.5 硬件设计........................................................................................................................206
18.6 软件设计........................................................................................................................206
18.7 实验现象........................................................................................................................211
课后作业.................................................................................................................................212
第 19 章 中断系统.........................................................................................................................213
19.1 中断介绍........................................................................................................................214
19.1.1 中断概念.............................................................................................................214
19.2 中断结构及相关寄存器............................................................................................... 216
19.2.1 中断结构.............................................................................................................216
19.2.2 中断相关寄存器................................................................................................ 218
课后作业.................................................................................................................................220
第 20 章 外部中断实验.................................................................................................................221
20.1 外部中断介绍................................................................................................................222
20.2 外部中断配置................................................................................................................224
20.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................225
20.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................226
20.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................228
课后作业.................................................................................................................................228
第 21 章 定时器中断.....................................................................................................................229
21.1 定时器介绍....................................................................................................................230
21.1.1 51 单片机定时器原理........................................................................................ 230
21.1.2 51 单片机定时/计数器结构...............................................................................231
21.1.3 51 单片机定时/计数器的工作方式...................................................................232
21.2 定时器配置....................................................................................................................234
21.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................236
21.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................236
21.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................238
课后作业.................................................................................................................................239
第 22 章 串口通信实验.................................................................................................................240
22.1 通信的基本概念............................................................................................................241
22.1.1 串行通信与并行通信........................................................................................ 241
22.1.2 异步通信与同步通信........................................................................................ 242
22.1.3 单工、半双工与全双工通信............................................................................243
22.1.4 通信速率.............................................................................................................243
22.2 51 单片机串口介绍........................................................................................................244
22.2.1 串口通信简介.................................................................................................... 244
22.2.2 串口相关寄存器................................................................................................ 247
22.2.3 串口工作方式.................................................................................................... 249
22.2.4 串口的使用方法................................................................................................ 252
22.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................254
22.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................256
22.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................257
课后作业.................................................................................................................................258
第 23 章 I2C-EEPROM 实验...........................................................................................................259
23.1 I2C 介绍...........................................................................................................................260
23.1.1 I2C 物理层........................................................................................................... 260
23.1.2 I2C 协议层........................................................................................................... 261
23.2 AT24C02 介绍..................................................................................................................264
23.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................266
23.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................267
23.4.1 创建多文件工程................................................................................................ 267
23.4.2 实验代码.............................................................................................................277
23.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................288
课后作业.................................................................................................................................289
第 24 章 DS18B20 温度传感器实验.............................................................................................290
24.1 DS18B20 介绍.................................................................................................................291
24.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................296
24.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................296
24.3.1 数码管显示函数................................................................................................ 297
24.3.2 DS18B20 初始化函数..........................................................................................298
24.3.3 温度读取函数.................................................................................................... 300
24.3.4 主函数.................................................................................................................301
24.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................302
课后作业.................................................................................................................................304
第 25 章 DS1302 时钟实验...........................................................................................................305
25.1 DS1302 时钟芯片介绍...................................................................................................306
25.1.1 DS1302 简介........................................................................................................306
25.1.2 DS1302 使用........................................................................................................307
25.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................311
25.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................311
25.3.1 DS1302 读写函数................................................................................................312
25.3.2 主函数.................................................................................................................316
25.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................317
课后作业.................................................................................................................................318
第 26 章 红外遥控实验.................................................................................................................319
26.1 红外遥控介绍................................................................................................................320
26.1.1 红外线简介.........................................................................................................320
26.1.2 红外遥控的原理................................................................................................ 320
26.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................323
26.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................323
26.3.1 红外初始化函数................................................................................................ 324
26.3.2 红外解码函数.................................................................................................... 324
26.3.3 主函数.................................................................................................................326
26.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................327
课后作业.................................................................................................................................328
第 27 章 ADC 模数转换实验.........................................................................................................329
27.1 ADC 介绍.........................................................................................................................330
27.1.1 ADC 简介..............................................................................................................330
27.1.2 ADC 转换原理......................................................................................................331
27.2 XPT2046 芯片介绍......................................................................................................... 332
27.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................336
27.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................337
27.4.1 ADC 读写函数......................................................................................................338
27.4.2 主函数.................................................................................................................340
27.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................341
课后作业.................................................................................................................................343
第 28 章 DAC 数模转换实验.........................................................................................................344
28.1 DAC 介绍.........................................................................................................................345
28.1.1 DAC 简介..............................................................................................................345
28.1.2 DAC 工作原理......................................................................................................346
28.2 PWM 介绍.......................................................................................................................346
28.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................348
28.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................349
28.4.1 PWM 实现函数....................................................................................................349
28.4.2 主函数.................................................................................................................351
28.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................352
课后作业.................................................................................................................................353
第 29 章 LCD1602 液晶显示实验.................................................................................................354
29.1 LCD1602 介绍................................................................................................................. 355
29.1.1 LCD1602 简介......................................................................................................355
29.1.2 LCD1602 常用指令..............................................................................................357
29.1.3 LCD1602 使用......................................................................................................358
29.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................360
29.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................360
29.3.1 LCD1602 驱动函数..............................................................................................361
29.3.2 主函数.................................................................................................................366
29.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................367
课后作业.................................................................................................................................368
第 30 章 LCD12864 液晶显示实验...............................................................................................369
30.1 LCD12864 介绍............................................................................................................... 370
30.1.1 带字库 LCD12864...............................................................................................370
30.1.2 不带字库 LCD12864...........................................................................................373
30.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................374
30.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................374
30.3.1 LCD12864 显示函数............................................................................................375
30.3.2 主函数.................................................................................................................377
30.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................378
课后作业.................................................................................................................................380
第 31 章 TFTLCD 显示实验............................................................................................................381
31.1 TFTLCD 介绍....................................................................................................................382
31.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................385
31.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................386
31.3.1 TFTLCD 初始化函数.............................................................................................387
31.3.2 TFTLCD 显示函数.................................................................................................402
31.3.3 字符汉字图片提取软件使用............................................................................415
31.3.4 主函数.................................................................................................................424
31.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................425
课后作业.................................................................................................................................426
第 32 章 触摸屏实验.....................................................................................................................427
32.1 触摸屏介绍....................................................................................................................428
32.1.1 电阻式触摸屏介绍............................................................................................ 428
32.1.2 电容式触摸屏介绍............................................................................................ 430
32.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................432
32.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................433
32.3.1 触摸屏扫描函数................................................................................................ 433
32.3.2 主函数.................................................................................................................444
32.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................447
课后作业.................................................................................................................................450