普中51单片机开发攻略

 【核心代码】

普中 51 单片机开发攻略
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目录
普中 51 单片机开发攻略...................................................................................................................1
第 1 章 如何使用本攻略...................................................................................................................1
第 2 章 开发板功能及使用介绍.......................................................................................................3
2.1 开发板功能介绍..................................................................................................................4
2.1.1 普中 51-单核-A2 开发板..........................................................................................4
2.2 开发板使用方法..................................................................................................................6
2.2.1 CH340 驱动安装........................................................................................................6
2.2.2 程序的烧录（下载）...............................................................................................8
2.2.3 51 仿真器调试.........................................................................................................13
2.2.4 接线方法及实验现象............................................................................................ 13
第 3 章 51 单片机介绍....................................................................................................................16
3.1 51 单片机介绍....................................................................................................................17
3.1.1 单片机简介.............................................................................................................17
3.1.2 51 单片机简介.........................................................................................................17
3.2 STC89Cxx 芯片介绍............................................................................................................19
3.2.1 STC89C516 芯片简介.............................................................................................. 20
3.2.2 STC89C516 芯片内部结构图.................................................................................. 21
3.3 51 单片机能做什么............................................................................................................22
3.4 怎样学好 51 单片机..........................................................................................................25
课后作业...................................................................................................................................26
第 4 章 C 语言基础..........................................................................................................................27
4.1 C 语言介绍..........................................................................................................................28
4.1.1 C51 和 C 的区别......................................................................................................29
4.2 C 语言基础知识..................................................................................................................30
4.2.1 数据类型.................................................................................................................30
4.2.2 C51 运算量...............................................................................................................32
4.2.3 C51 运算符...............................................................................................................37
4.2.4 C51 表达式及符合语句.......................................................................................... 41
4.2.5 C51 基本结构和相关语句......................................................................................42
4.2.6 函数.........................................................................................................................49
4.2.7 C51 构造数据类型.................................................................................................. 51
4.3 一个简单的单片机 C 程序............................................................................................... 53
课后作业...................................................................................................................................53
第 5 章 单片机最小系统.................................................................................................................54
5.1 51 单片机最小系统构成....................................................................................................55
5.1.1 晶振电路.................................................................................................................56
5.1.2 复位电路.................................................................................................................56
5.1.3 电源电路.................................................................................................................57
5.1.4 下载电路.................................................................................................................58
课后作业...................................................................................................................................59
第 6 章 KEILC51 安装与工程建立...................................................................................................60
6.1 KEIL C51 软件获取..............................................................................................................61
6.2 KEIL C51 软件安装..............................................................................................................62
普中 51 单片机开发攻略
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6.3 KEIL C51 软件破解..............................................................................................................64
6.4 创建 51 单片机工程..........................................................................................................67
课后作业...................................................................................................................................76
第 7 章 点亮第一个 LED 灯.............................................................................................................77
7.1 51 单片机 GPIO 介绍......................................................................................................... 78
7.1.1 GPIO 概念................................................................................................................ 78
7.1.2 GPIO 结构................................................................................................................ 79
7.2 LED 简介..............................................................................................................................81
7.3 硬件设计............................................................................................................................81
7.4 软件设计............................................................................................................................82
7.4.1 LED 闪烁实验...........................................................................................................84
7.4.2 LED 流水灯实验.......................................................................................................85
7.5 实验现象............................................................................................................................89
课后作业...................................................................................................................................90
第 8 章 蜂鸣器实验.........................................................................................................................90
8.1 蜂鸣器介绍........................................................................................................................91
8.2 硬件设计............................................................................................................................92
8.3 软件设计............................................................................................................................93
8.4 实验现象............................................................................................................................95
第 9 章 动态数码管实验.................................................................................................................96
9.1 数码管介绍........................................................................................................................97
9.1.1 多位数码管简介.....................................................................................................97
9.1.2 数码管动态显示原理............................................................................................ 97
9.2 74HC245 和 74HC138 芯片介绍........................................................................................98
9.2.1 74HC245 芯片简介..................................................................................................98
9.2.2 74HC138 芯片简介................................................................................................100
9.3 硬件设计..........................................................................................................................101
9.4 软件设计..........................................................................................................................102
9.5 实验现象..........................................................................................................................105
课后作业.................................................................................................................................105
第 10 章 独立按键实验.................................................................................................................106
10.1 按键介绍........................................................................................................................107
10.1.1 独立按键检测原理............................................................................................ 108
10.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................108
10.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................109
10.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................111
第 11 章 矩阵按键实验.................................................................................................................112
11.1 矩阵按键介绍................................................................................................................113
11.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................114
11.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................115
11.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................118
课后作业.................................................................................................................................119
第 12 章 单片机 IO 扩展（串转并）--74HC595......................................................................... 120
12.1 74HC595 芯片介绍.........................................................................................................121
普中 51 单片机开发攻略
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12.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................122
12.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................122
12.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................125
课后作业.................................................................................................................................126
第 13 章 LED 点阵实验..................................................................................................................126
13.1 LED 点阵介绍..................................................................................................................127
13.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................128
13.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................129
13.3.1 LED 点阵（点亮一个点）.................................................................................. 129
13.3.2 LED 点阵（显示数字）...................................................................................... 132
13.3.3 LED 点阵（显示图像）...................................................................................... 138
13.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................141
课后作业.................................................................................................................................142
第 14 章 直流电机实验.................................................................................................................143
14.1 直流电机介绍................................................................................................................144
14.2 ULN2003 芯片介绍.........................................................................................................145
14.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................146
14.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................147
14.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................149
课后作业.................................................................................................................................149
第 15 章 中断系统.........................................................................................................................150
15.1 中断介绍........................................................................................................................151
15.1.1 中断概念.............................................................................................................151
课后作业.................................................................................................................................157
第 16 章 外部中断实验.................................................................................................................158
16.1 外部中断介绍................................................................................................................159
16.2 外部中断配置................................................................................................................161
16.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................162
16.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................163
16.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................165
课后作业.................................................................................................................................166
第 17 章 定时器中断实验.............................................................................................................166
17.1 定时器介绍....................................................................................................................167
17.1.1 51 单片机定时器原理........................................................................................ 168
17.2 定时器配置....................................................................................................................172
17.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................173
17.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................174
17.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................176
课后作业.................................................................................................................................177
第 18 章 EEPROM-IIC 实验............................................................................................................178
18.1 I2C 介绍...........................................................................................................................179
18.1.1 I2C 物理层.......................................................................................................... 179
18.1.2 I2C 协议层.......................................................................................................... 180
18.2 AT24C02 芯片介绍......................................................................................................... 183
普中 51 单片机开发攻略
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18.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................185
18.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................186
18.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................196
课后作业.................................................................................................................................197
第 19 章 DS18B20 温度传感器实验.............................................................................................198
19.1 DS18B20 介绍.................................................................................................................199
19.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................204
19.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................205
19.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................213
课后作业.................................................................................................................................214
第 20 章 DS1302 时钟实验...........................................................................................................215
20.1 DS1302 时钟芯片介绍...................................................................................................216
20.1.1 DS1302 简介........................................................................................................216
20.1.2 DS1302 使用........................................................................................................217
20.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................221
20.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................222
20.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................229
课后作业.................................................................................................................................230
第 21 章 红外通信实验.................................................................................................................231
21.1 红外遥控介绍................................................................................................................232
21.1.1 红外线简介.........................................................................................................232
21.1.2 红外遥控的原理................................................................................................ 232
21.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................235
21.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................235
21.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................241
课后作业.................................................................................................................................242
第 22 章 ADC 模数转换实验.........................................................................................................243
22.1 ADC 介绍.........................................................................................................................244
22.1.1 ADC 简介..............................................................................................................244
22.1.2 ADC 转换原理......................................................................................................245
22.2 XPT2046 芯片介绍......................................................................................................... 247
22.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................251
22.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................251
22.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................257
课后作业.................................................................................................................................258
第 23 章 DAC 数模转换实验.........................................................................................................259
23.1 DAC 介绍.........................................................................................................................260
23.1.1 DAC 简介..............................................................................................................260
23.1.2 DAC 工作原理......................................................................................................261
23.2 PWM 介绍.......................................................................................................................262
23.3 硬件设计........................................................................................................................263
23.4 软件设计........................................................................................................................264
23.5 实验现象........................................................................................................................267
课后作业.................................................................................................................................268
普中 51 单片机开发攻略
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第 24 章 LCD1602 液晶显示实验.................................................................................................269
24.1 LCD1602 介绍................................................................................................................. 270
24.1.1 LCD1602 简介......................................................................................................270
24.1.2 LCD1602 常用指令..............................................................................................272
24.1.3 LCD1602 使用......................................................................................................273
24.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................275
24.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................275
24.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................282
课后作业.................................................................................................................................283
第 25 章 LCD12864 液晶显示实验...............................................................................................284
25.1 LCD12864 介绍............................................................................................................... 285
25.1.1 LCD12864 简介....................................................................................................285
25.1.2 MiniLCD12864 介绍.............................................................................................286
25.2 硬件设计........................................................................................................................286
25.3 软件设计........................................................................................................................288
25.3.1 显示文字.............................................................................................................289
25.3.2 显示图片.............................................................................................................303
25.4 实验现象........................................................................................................................306
课后作业.................................................................................................................................307