波导MATLAB仿真

【实例简介】
MATLAB数值仿真，针对光学课程的。非常好用的教材。书中有很多源代码可以直接拿来用的。
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmidt. Jason Daniel. 1975 Numerical simulation of optical wave propagation with examples in MATLAB/ Jason d. schmidt p cm.--(Press monograph; 199) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN978-0-8194-8326-3 1. Optics--Mathematics. 2. Wave-motion, Theory of--Mathematical models. 3 MATLAB. L Title QC383S362010 53542015118-dc22 2010015089 Published b SPIE P.O. Box 10 Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA Phone:+1360.676.3290 Fax:+1360.647.1445 Email: Books(aspie. org Webhttp://spie.org Copyright o 2010 Socicty of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers(SPIE) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisher The content of this book reflects the work and thoughts of the author( s Every effort has been made to publish reliable and accurate information herein, but the publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from reliance thereon Printed in the United States of america About the cover: 50-watt laser for generating mesospheric sodium guide stars over 90 km above the ground. In operation at the air force research laboratory's 3 5-m telescope at the Starfire Optical Range, Kirtland AFB, NM.( robert Q. Fugate, o 2005 Albuquerque, NM) O SPlE Numerical simulation of otical Wave Propagation With examples in MAtLabe Jason d. schmidt SPIE PRESS Bellingham, Washington USA Contents Preface Chapter 1 Foundations of Scalar Diffraction Theory.. ■■■■■■■■■■■■■ II Basics of Classical electrodynamics 1. 1.1 Sources of electric and magnetic fields 1.1.2 Electric and magnetic fields 2 Simple traveling-Wave Solutions to Maxwell's Equations....5 2. 1 Obtaining a wavc cquation.. 1.2.2 Simple traveling-wave fields 1. 3 Scalar Diffraction Theory 1. 4 Problems Chapter2 Digital Fourier Transforms……,,…,…,…,…,………,…15 2. 1 Basics of Digital Fourier Transforms 15 2. 1. 1 Fourier transforms: from analytic to numerical 2.1.2 Inverse Fourier transforms: from analytic to numerical..17 2.1. 3 Performing discrete Fourier transforms in software.....18 2.2 Sampling Pure-Frequency Functions ...... 21 2.3 Discrete vs Continuous fourier trans forms 23 2. 4 Alleviating Effects of Discretization 26 2.5 Three Case Studies in Transforming Signals 30 2. 5. 1 Sinc signals .30 2.5.2 Gaussian signals 31 2.5.3 Gaussian signals with quadratic phase 33 2. 6 Two-Dimensional Discrete Fourier transform 2.7 Problems ···········;······· 37 Chapter3 Simple Computations Using Fourier Transforms……………39 3.1 Convolution 39 3. 2 Correlation 43 3.3 Structure Functions 3.4 DerivatiⅤes 3.5 Problems 03 Chapter 4 Fraunhofer Diffraction and Lenses mmmmmmmm.amnmnmtmnm. 55 4.1 Fraunhofer diffraction 4.2 Fourier- Transforming Properties of lenses 4.2. 1 Object against the lens 4.2.2 Object before the lens 899 4.2.3 Object behind the lens .61 4.3 Problems 64 Chapter5 Imaging Systems and Aberrations.…,…,…,,…65 5.1 Aberrations , ...........................................................................65 5.1.1 Seidel aberrations 6 5.1.2 Zernike circle polynomials 66 5.1.2. 1 Decomposition and mode removal 73 5.1.2.2 RMS wavefront aberration..............75 5.2 Impulse response and Transfer Function of Imaging Systems ......77 5.2. 1 Coherent imaging 77 5.2.2 Incoherent imaging .79 5.2. 3 Strehl ratio 82 5.3 Problems 84 Chapter 6 Fresnel Diffraction in vacuum 6. 1 Different Forms of the Fresnel Diffraction Integral 88 6.2 Operator notation 6.3 Fresnel-Integral Computation 90 6.3. 1 One-step propag 90 6.3.2Two- step propagation………… 92 6.4 Angular-Spectrum Propagation 95 6.5 Simple Optical Systems .102 6.6 Point Sources …107 6.7 Problems 113 Chapter 7 Sampling Requirements for Fresnel Diffraction..... 115 7. 1 Imposing a Band Limit .115 7.2 Propagation geometr 117 7.3 Validity of Propagation Methods ∴120 7.3. I Fresnel-integral propagation ....................................120 7.3.1. 1 One step, fixed observation-plane grid spacing..120 7.3.1.2 Avoiding aliasing 121 7.3.2 Angular-spectrum propagation.............124 7.3.3 General guidelines 28 7.4 Problems 130 Chapter 8 Relaxed sampling Constraints with Partial Pr。 opagations., 133 8.1 Absorbing Boundaries…… 134 8. 2 Two Partial Propagations....... .135 8.3 Arbitrary Number of Partial Propagations 138 8.4 Sampling for Multiple Partial Propagations..... 139 8. 5 Problems 146 Chapter9 Propagation through Atmospheric Turbulence…………149 9. 1 Split-Step beam Propagation Method 149 9.2 Refractive Properties of Atmospheric turbulence 1·· 150 9. 2. 1 Kolmogorov Theory of turbulence 152 92.2 Optical propagation through turbulence………......16 92.3 Optical parameters of the atmosphere………....57 9.2. 4 Layered atmosphere model .164 9.2.5 Theory 164 9.3 Monte-Carlo Phase Screens 166 9. 4 Sampling Constraints ·· 9.5 Executing Properly Sampled Simulation 174 9.5. 1 Determine propagation geometry and turbulence conditions 174 9.5.2 Analyze the sampling constraints……176 9.5.3 Perform a vacuum simulation 178 9.5. 4 Perform the turbulent simulations 179 9.5.5 Verify the output 180 9. 6 Conclusion 182 9.7 Problems…183 Appendix A Function Definitions..... 185 Appendix B matlaB Code Listings…,,……187 References……189 Index 195 Preface Diffraction is a very interesting and active area of optical research. Unfortunatel analytic solutions are rare in many practical problems, particularly when optical waves propagate through randomly fluctuating media. For many of these problems, researchers must resort to numerical solutions. Still, simulations in optical diffrac tion are challenging. Usually, these simulations take advantage of discrete Fourier transforms, which means using discretely spaced samples on a finite-sized grid This leads to a few tradeoffs in speed and memory versus accuracy. Thus, the pa- rameters of the sampling grids must be chosen very carefully. Some people seek to fully automate those choices but this cannot be done automatically in every case To determine grid properties, one must carefully consider computational speed available computer memory, the Nyquist sampling criterion, geometry, accurate representation of source apertures, and impact on the propagated fields quantities of interest This book grew out of an independent study I did while i was a doctoral student at University of Dayton. The study was directed by LtCol matthew Goda, then a professor at the Air Force Institute of Technology(AFIT). After the independent study was over, Goda then created a course at afit on wave-optics simulations When I graduated i became a professor at afit while goda moved on to a new military assignment. When I began teaching the wave-optics simulation course, there was no book written to the level of detail required for a graduate course fo cused on wave-optics simulations and sampling requirements. The course was al- ways taught out of the professor's notes, originally compiled by Goda. Compiling these notes was no small feat, and goda did a tremendous job combining material from books on discrete Fourier transforms, optics journal articles and conference proceedings, technical reports from companies like the Optical Sciences Company and MzA Associates Corporation, and private communication with researchers Until this book, simulations have always been an afterthought in just a few books on image processing and nonlinear optics. clearly there was a gap between the practical knowledge required to perform wave-optics simulations and the the- oretical material covered in great Fourier-optics textbooks like those by Joseph Goodman and Jack Gaskill. I have heard professors across the U.s. talk about how they include material on simulations in their graduate Fourier-optics courses. I ap laud them for that effort because it is challenging to teach students both the the- ory and practical simulation of Fourier optics in one course. However, if the stu- Preface dents are to become capable enough to write wave-optics simulations for thesis or dissertation research and beyond they cannot get enough detail in a one-term Fourier-optics course. This is why afit has separate courses on fourier optics and wave-optics simulations This book is intended for graduate students in programs like physics, electrical engincering, electro-optics, or optical science. The book gives all of the relevant equations from Fourier optics, but to fully understand and appreciate the material it is important to have a thorough understanding of Fourier optics before readin this book I believe that part of the benefit of this book is the use of specific code examples rather than just pseudo-code. However, the programming or scripting language for the examples needs to be one that is widely used and easy to understand by those who do not already use it. For those reasons i have used matlab in all of the examples throughout this book. It is heavily used in engineering both at universities and research institutions. Further, it is easy to read because of its simple language and because many numerical algorithms, such as discrete Fourier transforms and convolution, are part of its basic library. If I used other languages like C,C++ FORTRAN, Java, and Python, I would need to pick a particular external library of numerical routines or write my own algorithms and include them in the book i believe that using matlab in this book allows readers to focus on the wave propagation, rather than the most basic numerical algorithms like discrete Fourier transforms. Further, any user with access to the matlab interpreter can execute the code examples as shown. no additional libraries need to be acquired and installed Moreover, my examples rarely use MATLABs toolboxes, relying heavily on its basic functionality. Readers should note that the code examples used throughout the book are designed for conceptual simplicity, rather than optimized for specd or memory usage. i encourage readers to rework my matlab examples to achieve greater performance or even implement them in other languages I offer my thanks and appreciation to all those who have paved the way for this work, particularly Glenn Tyler, David Fried, and phillip roberts at the optical Sciences Company and Steve Coy at MzA Associates Corporation. In 1982, Fried and Tyler wrote a technical report describing methods of simulating optical wave propagation and related sampling constraints. A few years later, Roberts wrote follow-on report giving another clear, nicely detailed description of one-step, two step, and angular spectrum propagation methods. More recently, Coy wrote a tech- nical report that gives a very nice description of the relationship between sampling requirements propagation geometry. These reports formed the beginnings of Goda's notes and eventually this book Also, thanks to those who ans wered my questions about wave-optics simula- tions while i was a student at ud and then while i taught the wave- optics simula- tion course as a professor at AFIT: Jeffrey Barchers, Troy rhodarmer, Terry bren nan, and Don Link. These gentlemen are experienced and accomplished researchers Preface whose advice was very much appreciated. Additionally, thanks to Michael Havrilla for his help with the basic electrodynamics in Ch. I Special thanks to Matthew Goda for his foundational work in the course and its notes. Without him, this book would not be possible. He made much of the material in this book accessible to dozens of students who went on to do great things for the U.S. Air Force. Finally, I'd like to thank all those students who helped find errors in the drafts of this book and whose inquisitive nature caused me to refine and add material along the way. Jason schmidi June 2010 【实例截图】
【核心代码】