实例介绍
【实例简介】
卫星通信系统工程《Satellite Communications Systems Engineering》John Willey & Sons
Satellite communications Systems Engineering Wiley Series on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Series editors: Dr Xuemin( Sherman)Shen, University of Waterloo, Canada Dr Yi Pan, Georgia state University, USA The ' Wiley Series on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing is a series of comprehensive, practical and timely books on wireless communication and network systems The series focuses on topics ranging from wireless communication and coding theory to wireless applications and pervasive computing. The books offer engineers and other technical professionals, researchers, educators, and advanced students in these fields invaluable insight into the latest developments and cutting-edge research Other titles in the series Misic and Misic: Wireless personal area Networks: Performance, Interconnection, and Security with Ieee802.15.4, January2008,9780-470-51847-2 Takagi and Walke: Spectrum Requirement Planning in Wireless communications: Model and Methodology for IMT-Advanced, March 2008, 978-0-470-98647-9 Perez Fontan and Marino Espineira: Modeling the Wireless propagation Channel A simulation approach with MATLAB August 2008, 978-0-470-72785-0 Lin and Sou: Charging for All-IP Telecommunications, September 2008, 978-0-470-77565-3 Myung: Single Carrier FDMA: A New Air Interface for Long Term Evolution, November 2008,978-0-470-72449-1 Hart, Tao, Zhou: IEEE 802.16j Mobile multihop relay, March 2009, 978-0-470-99399-6 Stojmenovic: Wireless sensor and Actuator Networks: Algorithms and Protocols for scalable Coordination and Data Communication, August 2009, 978-0-470-17082-3 Qian, Muller, Chen: Security in Wireless Networks and Systems, May 2009, 978-0-470-51212-8 Wang, Kondi, Luthra, Ci: 4G Wireless video CommunicationS, May 2009 978-0-470-773079 Cai, Shen, Mark: Multimedia for Wireless Internet- Modeling and Analysis, May 2009, 978-0-470-77065-8 Satellite Communications Systems Engineering Atmospheric Effects, Satellite Link design and system Performance Louis J. Ippolito, Jr ITT Advanced engineering Sciences, USA, and The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA WWILEY A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication This edition first published 2008 o 2008 John Wiley Sons Ltd Registered office John wiley sons ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, Po198sQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Ippolito, Louis J. Satellite communications systems engineering: atmospheric effects, satellite link design, and system performance/Louis J Ippolito p. cm -(Wiley series on wireless communications and mobile computing) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN978-0-470-72527-6( cloth) 1. Artificial satellites in telecommunication,I. Title TK5104.16742008 621.3825dc2 2008013166 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN978-0-470-72527-6(HB) Set in 10/12pt Times by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India Printed in Singapore by Markono Print Media Pte Ltd, Singapore. Contents List of Acronyms Prefab Chapter 1 Introduction to Satellite Communications 1. 1 Early history of Satellite Communications 1. 2 Some Basic Communications Satellite System Definitions 1.2.1 Satellite Communications Segments 1.2. 2 Satellite link parameters 10 1.2. 3 Satellite orbits 1. 2. 4 Frequency Band designations 12 1.3 Regulatory Process for Satellite Communications 14 1. 4 Overview of Book Structure and Topics 16 References 17 Chapter 2 Satellite Orbits 19 2. 1 Keplers Laws 20 2.2 Orbital parameters 22 2. 3 Orbits in Common Use 2.3.1 Geostationary Orbit 2.3.2 Low Earth Orb 27 2.3.3 Medium earth Orbit 2.3.4 Highly Elliptical Orbit 2.3.5 Polar Orbi 2.4 Geometry of Gso Links 30 2.4.1 Range to satellite 31 2.4.2 Elevation Angle to satellite 2.4.3 Azimuth angle to satellite 32 2.4.4 Sample calculation 34 Refe Problems 36 Chapter 3 Satellite Subsystems 37 3.1 Satellite bus 39 3.1.1 Physical Structure 3.1.2 Power Subsystem 40 3.1.3 Atti 41 3. 4 Orbital Control 42 3. 5 Thermal Control 3.1.6 Tracking Telemetry, Command, and Monitoring CONTENTS 3.2 Satellite Payload 46 3.2.1 Transponder 46 3.2.2 Antennas 49 References Chapter 4 The rF Link 51 4.1 Transmission fundamentals 51 4. 1./ Effective Isotropic Radiated power 53 4.1.2 Power Flux density 53 4.1.3 Antenna gain 54 4.1.4 Free-Space Path Loss 5 4.1.5 Basic Link Equation for Received power 4.2 System Noise 61 4.2.1 Noise Figure 63 4.2.2 Noise Temperature 65 4.2.3 System Noise Temperature 4.2.4 Figure of merit 72 4.3 Link performance parameters 4.3. Carrier-to-Noise ratio 4.3.2 Carrier-to-Noise density 74 4.3.3 Energy-Per-Bit to Noise Density 75 References Problems 75 Chapter 5 Link System Performance 5.1 Link Considerations 77 5.1.1 Fixed Antenna Size link 5.1.2 Fixed antenna gain link 79 5.1.3 Fixed Antenna Gain, Fixed Antenna Size link 80 5.2 Uplink 81 5.2. 1 Multiple Carrier operation 83 5. 3 Downlink 84 5.4 Percent of Time Performance Specifications 84 References Problems 87 Chapter 6 Transmission Impairments 89 6. 1 Radiowave Frequency and Space Communications 89 6.2 Radiowave Propagation mechanisms 91 6.3 Propagation below about 3 Ghz 93 6.3. 1 ionospheric scintillation 97 6.3.2 Polarization rotation 99 6.3.3 Dela 6.3.4 Dispersion 6.4 Propagation above about 3 Ghz 102 6.4 Rain attenuation 103 6.4.2 Gaseous attenuation 107 6.4.3 Cloud and Fog attenuation 108 CONTENTS 6. 4. 4 Depolarization 111 6.4.5 Tropospheric scintillation 117 6.5 Radio noise 121 6.5. 1 Specification of Radio Noise 121 6.5.2 Noise from Atmospheric gases 123 6.5.3 Sky noise due to rain 124 6.5.4 Sky Noise due to Clouds 126 6.5.5 Noise from Extra-Terrestrial Sources 129 Referenc Problems 137 Chapter 7 Propagation Effects Modeling and Prediction 139 7.1 Atmospheric Gases 139 7. 1. 1 Leibe Complex refractivity Model 140 7. 1. 2 ITU-R Gaseous Attenuation Models 141 7.2 Clouds and Fog 153 7.2./ ITU-R Cloud Attenuation mode 154 7.2.2 Sobin Cloud model 155 7. 3 Rain attenuation 16 7.3. ITU-R Rain Attenuation Model 7.3.2 Crane Rain Attenuation models 177 7.4 Depolarization 189 7.4.1 Rain Depolarization Modeling 190 7.4.2 Ice Depolarization Modeling 191 7.5 Tropospheric scintillation 196 7.5. Karasawa Scintillation Model 196 7.5.2 ITU-R Scintillation Model 199 7.5.3 Van De Kamp Cloud Scintillation Model 201 References 203 Problems Chapter 8 Rain Fade Mitigation 207 8.1 Power Restoral Techniques 8.1.1 Beam Diversity 8.1.2 Power control 209 8.1.3 Site Diversity 14 8.1.4 Orbit Diversity 232 8.2 Signal Modification Restoral Techniques 235 8.2. 1 Frequency Diversity 235 8. 2.2 Bandwidth reduction 236 8.2.3 Time-Delayed Transmission Diversity 8.2. 4 Adaptive coding and modulation 236 8.3 Summary References 237 Problems Chapter9 The Composite Link 241 9. 1 Frequency Translation(FT) Satellite 243 9.1.1 Uplink 9.1.2 Downlink CONTENTS 9.1.3 Composite Carrier-to-Noise ratio 245 9. 1. 4 Performance implications 249 9.1.5 Path losses and link performance 250 9.2 On-Board Processing(OBP) Satellite 255 9.2.1 OBP Uplink and Downlink 255 9.2.2 Composite obp performance 9.3 Comparison of FT and OBP Performance 258 9.4 Intermodulation Noise 261 9.5 Link Design Summary Ref 264 Problems 264 Chapter 10 Satellite Multiple Access 267 10.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access 270 10. PCMTDMIPSK/FDMA 271 10.1.2 PCMSCPC/PSK/FDMA 273 10.2 Time Division Multiple access 274 10.2./ PCMTDMPSK/TDMA 276 10.2.2 TDMA Frame Eficiency 277 10.2.3 TDMA Capacity 278 10.2.4 Satellite switched TDMa 281 10.3 Code Division Multiple access 284 10.3. 1 Direct Sequence Spread spectrum 287 10.3.2 Frequency Hopping Spread spectrum 291 10.3.3 CDMA Processing gain 292 10.3.4 CDMA Capacity 294 References Problems 96 Chapter 11 The mobile satellite Channel 299 11.1 Mobile Channel Propagation 300 11.1.1 Reflection 301 11.1.2 Difraction 301 11. 3 Scatterin 11.2 Narrowband channel 304 11.2 Path loss factor 307 11.2. 2 Shadow fading 310 11. 2. 3 Multipath Fading 317 11.2.4 Blockage 324 11.2.5 Mixed Propagation Conditions 329 11. 3 Wideband channel 332 11. 4 Multi-Satellite mobile links 334 11.4.1 Uncorrelated fading 334 11.4.2 Correlated Fading 336 References 338 Appendix a Satellite Signal Processing Elements 339 A I Analog Systems A.1.1 Analog Baseband formatting 340 【实例截图】
【核心代码】
卫星通信系统工程《Satellite Communications Systems Engineering》John Willey & Sons
Satellite communications Systems Engineering Wiley Series on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Series editors: Dr Xuemin( Sherman)Shen, University of Waterloo, Canada Dr Yi Pan, Georgia state University, USA The ' Wiley Series on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing is a series of comprehensive, practical and timely books on wireless communication and network systems The series focuses on topics ranging from wireless communication and coding theory to wireless applications and pervasive computing. The books offer engineers and other technical professionals, researchers, educators, and advanced students in these fields invaluable insight into the latest developments and cutting-edge research Other titles in the series Misic and Misic: Wireless personal area Networks: Performance, Interconnection, and Security with Ieee802.15.4, January2008,9780-470-51847-2 Takagi and Walke: Spectrum Requirement Planning in Wireless communications: Model and Methodology for IMT-Advanced, March 2008, 978-0-470-98647-9 Perez Fontan and Marino Espineira: Modeling the Wireless propagation Channel A simulation approach with MATLAB August 2008, 978-0-470-72785-0 Lin and Sou: Charging for All-IP Telecommunications, September 2008, 978-0-470-77565-3 Myung: Single Carrier FDMA: A New Air Interface for Long Term Evolution, November 2008,978-0-470-72449-1 Hart, Tao, Zhou: IEEE 802.16j Mobile multihop relay, March 2009, 978-0-470-99399-6 Stojmenovic: Wireless sensor and Actuator Networks: Algorithms and Protocols for scalable Coordination and Data Communication, August 2009, 978-0-470-17082-3 Qian, Muller, Chen: Security in Wireless Networks and Systems, May 2009, 978-0-470-51212-8 Wang, Kondi, Luthra, Ci: 4G Wireless video CommunicationS, May 2009 978-0-470-773079 Cai, Shen, Mark: Multimedia for Wireless Internet- Modeling and Analysis, May 2009, 978-0-470-77065-8 Satellite Communications Systems Engineering Atmospheric Effects, Satellite Link design and system Performance Louis J. Ippolito, Jr ITT Advanced engineering Sciences, USA, and The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA WWILEY A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication This edition first published 2008 o 2008 John Wiley Sons Ltd Registered office John wiley sons ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, Po198sQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Ippolito, Louis J. Satellite communications systems engineering: atmospheric effects, satellite link design, and system performance/Louis J Ippolito p. cm -(Wiley series on wireless communications and mobile computing) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN978-0-470-72527-6( cloth) 1. Artificial satellites in telecommunication,I. Title TK5104.16742008 621.3825dc2 2008013166 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN978-0-470-72527-6(HB) Set in 10/12pt Times by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India Printed in Singapore by Markono Print Media Pte Ltd, Singapore. Contents List of Acronyms Prefab Chapter 1 Introduction to Satellite Communications 1. 1 Early history of Satellite Communications 1. 2 Some Basic Communications Satellite System Definitions 1.2.1 Satellite Communications Segments 1.2. 2 Satellite link parameters 10 1.2. 3 Satellite orbits 1. 2. 4 Frequency Band designations 12 1.3 Regulatory Process for Satellite Communications 14 1. 4 Overview of Book Structure and Topics 16 References 17 Chapter 2 Satellite Orbits 19 2. 1 Keplers Laws 20 2.2 Orbital parameters 22 2. 3 Orbits in Common Use 2.3.1 Geostationary Orbit 2.3.2 Low Earth Orb 27 2.3.3 Medium earth Orbit 2.3.4 Highly Elliptical Orbit 2.3.5 Polar Orbi 2.4 Geometry of Gso Links 30 2.4.1 Range to satellite 31 2.4.2 Elevation Angle to satellite 2.4.3 Azimuth angle to satellite 32 2.4.4 Sample calculation 34 Refe Problems 36 Chapter 3 Satellite Subsystems 37 3.1 Satellite bus 39 3.1.1 Physical Structure 3.1.2 Power Subsystem 40 3.1.3 Atti 41 3. 4 Orbital Control 42 3. 5 Thermal Control 3.1.6 Tracking Telemetry, Command, and Monitoring CONTENTS 3.2 Satellite Payload 46 3.2.1 Transponder 46 3.2.2 Antennas 49 References Chapter 4 The rF Link 51 4.1 Transmission fundamentals 51 4. 1./ Effective Isotropic Radiated power 53 4.1.2 Power Flux density 53 4.1.3 Antenna gain 54 4.1.4 Free-Space Path Loss 5 4.1.5 Basic Link Equation for Received power 4.2 System Noise 61 4.2.1 Noise Figure 63 4.2.2 Noise Temperature 65 4.2.3 System Noise Temperature 4.2.4 Figure of merit 72 4.3 Link performance parameters 4.3. Carrier-to-Noise ratio 4.3.2 Carrier-to-Noise density 74 4.3.3 Energy-Per-Bit to Noise Density 75 References Problems 75 Chapter 5 Link System Performance 5.1 Link Considerations 77 5.1.1 Fixed Antenna Size link 5.1.2 Fixed antenna gain link 79 5.1.3 Fixed Antenna Gain, Fixed Antenna Size link 80 5.2 Uplink 81 5.2. 1 Multiple Carrier operation 83 5. 3 Downlink 84 5.4 Percent of Time Performance Specifications 84 References Problems 87 Chapter 6 Transmission Impairments 89 6. 1 Radiowave Frequency and Space Communications 89 6.2 Radiowave Propagation mechanisms 91 6.3 Propagation below about 3 Ghz 93 6.3. 1 ionospheric scintillation 97 6.3.2 Polarization rotation 99 6.3.3 Dela 6.3.4 Dispersion 6.4 Propagation above about 3 Ghz 102 6.4 Rain attenuation 103 6.4.2 Gaseous attenuation 107 6.4.3 Cloud and Fog attenuation 108 CONTENTS 6. 4. 4 Depolarization 111 6.4.5 Tropospheric scintillation 117 6.5 Radio noise 121 6.5. 1 Specification of Radio Noise 121 6.5.2 Noise from Atmospheric gases 123 6.5.3 Sky noise due to rain 124 6.5.4 Sky Noise due to Clouds 126 6.5.5 Noise from Extra-Terrestrial Sources 129 Referenc Problems 137 Chapter 7 Propagation Effects Modeling and Prediction 139 7.1 Atmospheric Gases 139 7. 1. 1 Leibe Complex refractivity Model 140 7. 1. 2 ITU-R Gaseous Attenuation Models 141 7.2 Clouds and Fog 153 7.2./ ITU-R Cloud Attenuation mode 154 7.2.2 Sobin Cloud model 155 7. 3 Rain attenuation 16 7.3. ITU-R Rain Attenuation Model 7.3.2 Crane Rain Attenuation models 177 7.4 Depolarization 189 7.4.1 Rain Depolarization Modeling 190 7.4.2 Ice Depolarization Modeling 191 7.5 Tropospheric scintillation 196 7.5. Karasawa Scintillation Model 196 7.5.2 ITU-R Scintillation Model 199 7.5.3 Van De Kamp Cloud Scintillation Model 201 References 203 Problems Chapter 8 Rain Fade Mitigation 207 8.1 Power Restoral Techniques 8.1.1 Beam Diversity 8.1.2 Power control 209 8.1.3 Site Diversity 14 8.1.4 Orbit Diversity 232 8.2 Signal Modification Restoral Techniques 235 8.2. 1 Frequency Diversity 235 8. 2.2 Bandwidth reduction 236 8.2.3 Time-Delayed Transmission Diversity 8.2. 4 Adaptive coding and modulation 236 8.3 Summary References 237 Problems Chapter9 The Composite Link 241 9. 1 Frequency Translation(FT) Satellite 243 9.1.1 Uplink 9.1.2 Downlink CONTENTS 9.1.3 Composite Carrier-to-Noise ratio 245 9. 1. 4 Performance implications 249 9.1.5 Path losses and link performance 250 9.2 On-Board Processing(OBP) Satellite 255 9.2.1 OBP Uplink and Downlink 255 9.2.2 Composite obp performance 9.3 Comparison of FT and OBP Performance 258 9.4 Intermodulation Noise 261 9.5 Link Design Summary Ref 264 Problems 264 Chapter 10 Satellite Multiple Access 267 10.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access 270 10. PCMTDMIPSK/FDMA 271 10.1.2 PCMSCPC/PSK/FDMA 273 10.2 Time Division Multiple access 274 10.2./ PCMTDMPSK/TDMA 276 10.2.2 TDMA Frame Eficiency 277 10.2.3 TDMA Capacity 278 10.2.4 Satellite switched TDMa 281 10.3 Code Division Multiple access 284 10.3. 1 Direct Sequence Spread spectrum 287 10.3.2 Frequency Hopping Spread spectrum 291 10.3.3 CDMA Processing gain 292 10.3.4 CDMA Capacity 294 References Problems 96 Chapter 11 The mobile satellite Channel 299 11.1 Mobile Channel Propagation 300 11.1.1 Reflection 301 11.1.2 Difraction 301 11. 3 Scatterin 11.2 Narrowband channel 304 11.2 Path loss factor 307 11.2. 2 Shadow fading 310 11. 2. 3 Multipath Fading 317 11.2.4 Blockage 324 11.2.5 Mixed Propagation Conditions 329 11. 3 Wideband channel 332 11. 4 Multi-Satellite mobile links 334 11.4.1 Uncorrelated fading 334 11.4.2 Correlated Fading 336 References 338 Appendix a Satellite Signal Processing Elements 339 A I Analog Systems A.1.1 Analog Baseband formatting 340 【实例截图】
【核心代码】
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