Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy 3rd

【实例简介】
Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy 3rd
Joseph r lakowicz enter for Fluorescence Spectroscopy niversity of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore、MD21201 USA Library of Congress Control Number: 2006920796 ISBN-10:0-387-31278-1 ISBN-13:978-0387-31278-1 Printed on acid- free pape o 2006, 1999, 1983 Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher(Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights Printed in Singapore. (KY 987654321 springer.com Dedicated to Mary for her continuous support and encouragement, without whom this book would not have been written Preface The first edition of Principles was published in 1983, and adigm of fluorescence, from a reliance on organic fluo the second edition 16 years later in 1999. At that time I rophores, to the use of genetic engineering, nanotechnolo thought the third edition would not be written until 2010 or gy, and near-field optics later. However, the technology of fluorescence has I wish to express my appreciation and special thanks to advanced at an accelerating pace. Single-molecule detec- the individuals who have assisted me in the preparation of tion and fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy are becom- the book. These include Ignacy Gryczynski for assistance ing almost routine. New classes of probes have appeared, with the figures, Krystyna Gryczynski for drawing the fi such as the semiconductor nanoparticles, or QDots, and ures, Joanna Malicka for proofreading the chapters, Kazik genetically engineered green fluorescent probes. Addition- Nowaczyk for the cover design and color digitizing of all ly, it is now becoming possible to control the excited figures, Tim Oliver for typesetting, and the NIH for their states of fluorophores, rather than relying only on sponta- support of my laboratory. And finally, Mary, for her endless neous emission. These developments are changing the par- hours of typing, correspondence and support eph R. lakowicz Glossary of Acronyms acceptor C102 coumarin 1o2 AA thranilic acid coumarin 152 2-AA 2-acetvlanthracene C153 coumarin 153 acetonitrile 9-CA 9-cyanoanthracene Ac rodin CaM ACE acriflavine CAMP cyclic AMP acH acridinium cation CFD constant fraction discriminator ACTH adrenocorticotropin hormone CG calcium green Alexa-BZ Alexa-labeled benzodiazepine CHO Chinese hamster ovary ADC analog-to-digital converter closed circular Adx adrenodoxin CCD charged-coupled devices I-AEDANS 5-((((2-iodoacetyl)amino )ethyl)amino) CH cyclohexane naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chol cholesterol AFA aminofluoranthenc CLSM confocal lascr scanning microscopy AN anthracene CNF carboxynaphthofluorescein 2-AN 2-anilinonaphthalene COnA concanavalin a 2.6-ANS 6-(anilino)naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid CRABPI cellular retinoic acid binding protein I AO acridine orange or acoustooptic CSR continuous spectral relaxation 2-AP 2-aminopurine charge transfer 4-AP 4-aminophthalimide CW continuous wave APC allophycocyanin APD avalanche photodiodes d onor 9-AS 9-anthroyloxy stearic acid Dansyl 5-dimcthy laminonaphthalenc-1-sulfonic acid ASE asymptotic standard errors DAPI 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole AT antithrombin DAS decay-associated spectra DBS 4-dimethy lanino-4-bromostilbene B be enzene DC deoxycytosine BABAPH 2-(sulfonatobutyl)-7-(dibutylamino )-2-aza DDQ distance-dependent quenching phenanthrene DEA diethylaniline BABP sulfonatobutyl)4-[4-(dibuty lamino)- DEE diethyl ether phenylpyridine dihydroequilenin BCECF 7-bis(2-carboxycthy)-5()-carboxyfluorcs DHP dihexadccyl phosphate ein Dil or dilo 1, 1-didodecyl-3, 3, 3, 3'-tetramethy lindo BSA bovine serum albumin carbocyanine BODIPY refers to a family of dyes based on 1,3, 5, 7, 8- DM dodecy Maltoside pentamethyl pyrromethene-BF2, or 4, 4 DMA dimethy aniline difluoro-4-bora-3a. 4a-diaza-s-indacene DMAS N-dimethylaniline sulfonate BODIPY is a trademark of molecular DME dimethylformamide Probes inc DMPC dimyristoyl-L-a-pl phosphatidylcholine β3-PE β phycoerythrin DMP dimethy ldiazaperopyrenium BPTI bovine pancrcatic trypsin inhibitor DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide Bromo-PCS brominated phosphatidy cholines DMQ 2, 2 -dimethyl-p-quaterphenyl Bu butanol 10-DN 10-dox vInonadecane GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS DNS dansyl or 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene GPD glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase DNS-C dansyl chloride GPI glycosylphosphatidylinositol DOS trans-4-dimethylamino-4-(1-oXobutyl) UhCi guanidine hydrochloride stilbene GUVS giant unilamellar vesicle DPA 9.10-diphenylanthracene DPA dipicolinic acid n-hexane DPE dansyl-labeled phosphatidy ethanolamine HDI high-density lipoprotein DPH 1, 6-diphenyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene HeCd helium cadmium DPO 2, 5-diphenyloxazole HG harmonic generator DPPC dipalmitoyl-L-a-phosphatidylcholine IIITCI hexamethylindotricar inine loc DPPC dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine HLH human luteinizing hormone DP(M,O)PC(E) dipalmitoyl(myristyl, oleayl)-L-a highest occupied phosphatidylcholine (ethanolamine Herz hairpin ribozyme DTAC dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride HPTS I-hydroxypyrene-3, 6, 8-trisulfonate hrlFN-Y human recombinant interferon y EA ethyl acetate HSA human serum albumin EA ethanol 17B-HSD 17B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase EAN methylaniline hw half-width EB ethidium bromide EC ethylcellulose IAEDANS 5-(((2-iodoacetyI)amino )ethyl)amino )- ECFP enhanced cyan fluorescent protein naphthalene-l-sulfonic acid EDT 1.2-ethanedithiol IAF 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein EG ethylene glycol ICT internal charge transfer ELISA enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays IM Insertion mutant eosin-PE eosin-phosphatidylethanolamine Indo-1-C18 indo-1 with a co chain EP 1-ethylpyrene IRE instrument response function EPE eosin-labeled phosphatidy ethanolamine IXP isoxanthopterin ESIPT excited-state intramolecular proton transfer ESR excited-state reaction KE Klenow fragment E electrooptic KSI 3-ketosteroid isomerase EYFP enhanced yellow fluorescent protein LADH liver alcohol dehydrogenase single-letter code for phenylalanine LCAT lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase fluorescein LDS laser diodes Fl-C fluorescein-labeled catalytic subunit LE locally excited FABPs fatty acid binding proteins LEDS light-emitting diodes FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide LU lowest unoccupied FC fura-2 with calcium FCS fluorescence correlation spectroscopy monomer FD frequency domain MAI N-methylquinolinium iodide Fr fibronectin MBP maltose-binding protein femtosecond MCA ulrich FITC fluorescein-5-isothiocvanate MCP microchannel plate FLIM fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy Me l methano FMN flavin mononucleotide MEM method-of-moments FR folate receptor met rs methionyl-tRNA synthetase FRET fluorescence-resonance energy transfer 3-MI 3-methyl indole FWHM full width of half-maximum intensity metal-ligand complex, usually of a transition 4FW 4-fluorotryptophan metal. ru rh or os MLCK myosin light chain kinase GADPH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase MLCT metal-ligand charge transfer(state) GFP green fluorescent protein MLE maximum likelihood estimates GGBP glucose-galactose binding protein MPE multiphoton excitation Goppert-Mayer MPM multiphoton microscopy gated optical image intensifier MQAE 6-methoxy-quinolyl acetoethyl ester generalized polarization MRI magnetic resonance imaging PRINCIPLES OF FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY NADIL reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide QDs quantum dots NATA N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide QTH quartz-tungsten halogen NATYTA N-acetyl-L-tyrosinamide NB Nile blue RBC radiation boundary condition NBD N-(7-nitrohenz-2-oXa-1,3-diazo1-4-yD) RBI rat basophilic leukemia NBD-DO I-oleoy l-2-hexanoyI-NBD-glvcerol R-PE R-phycoerythrin Nd: YAG neodymium: YAG REES red-edge excitation shifts NIR near infrared rhenium NLLS nonlinear least squares RET resonance energy transfer NMA N-methylanthraniloyl amide RE radio frequency No nitric oxide REP red fluorescent protein NPN N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine Rh rhodamine NR iral red RhB rhodamine b NRP neuronal receptor peptide RhG rhodamine green 5-NS 5-doxylstearate R6G rhodamine 6g RNase t ribonuclease T on een RR rhodamine red OPO optical parameter oscillator Ru ruthenium ORB octadecyl rhodamine b oSium SAS species-associated spectra SBFI sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate PBFI potassium-binding benzofuran isophthalate SBP steroid-binding protein PC phosphatidylcholine SBS substrate-binding strand PCSO hoton-counting streak camera subtilisin Carlsberg PDA pyrene dodecanoic acid SDS sodium dodecylsulfate PDS photodiodes SEDA dapoxyl sulfonylethylenediamine PE phycoerythrin SMD single-molecule detection PE phosphatidylethanolamine SNAFLS seminophthofluoresceins IPE one-photon SNARFS seminaphthorhodafluors 2PE two-photon Short-pass 3PE hoton SPQ 6-methoxy-N-B3-sulfopyropyl]quinoline PET photoinduced electron transfer PeN T tetramer PG propylene glycol TAC time-to-amplitude converter PGK phosphoglycerate kinase TCE trichloroethanol Phe(f) phenylalanine t-COPA 16-octadecapentaenoic acid PK protein kinase time-correlated single photon counting PKI protein kinase inhibitor TD time-domain PMMA poly(methylmethacrylate) TEOS tetraethyl orthosilicate PM photomultiplier tube TEA trifluoroacetamide POPC I-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine TFE trifluoroethane POPOP 1, 4-biS(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)benzene THE tetrahydrofuran pulse picker TICT twisted internal charge transfer PPD 2, 5-diphenyl-1, 3, 4-oxadizole TK thymidine kinase PPi hosphate II tear lipocalin PPO 2, 5-diphenyloxazole TMA donor alone PRODAN 6-propionyl-2-(dimethylamino ) TMR tetramethylrhodamine naphthalene troponin C second TNS 6-(p-toluidinylnaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid PSDE shase-sensitive detection of fluorescence TOAH tetraocty lammonium hydroxide PTP phosphoryl-transfer protein TOE tryptophan octyl ester pyridine 2 TPI triosephosphate isomerase GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS TRES time-resolved emission spectra single-letter code for tryptophan TIDNH hanamide W water TRITC tetramethylrhodamine-5(and-6)-isothio WT wild type cyanato WD window discriminator trnaimet methionine trNa ⅹenon TTS transit time spread single-letter code for tryptophan TU2D donor acceptor pair r(y) tyrosine YEP ellow fluorescent protein U 7-umbelliferyl phosphate Glossary of Mathematical Terms acceptor or absorption K acid dissociation constant negative brightness of a fluorophore logarithm speed of light efficiency for detection of emitted photons, characteristic acceptor concentration in RET typically for FCS corrclation function for spcctral rclaxation quantum yicld D donor or diffusion coefficient, or rotational anisotropy(sometimes distance in a distance diffusion coefficient distribution) D or D rate of rotation diffusion around or average distance in a distance distribution displacing) the symmetry axis of an r(0) time-zero anisotropy ellipsoid of revolution r() anisotropy decav part of the autocorrelation function for distance of closest approach between diffusion containing the diffusion donors and acceptors in resonance ependent terms energy transfer, or fluorophores and E cfficicncy of cncrgy transfcr ucnchcrs steady-state intensity or fluorescence or r fractional amplitudes in a multi-exponential ratio of x 2 values, used to calculate anisotropy decay parameter confidence intervals fundamental anisotropy in the absence of F() emission spectrum rotational diffusion f fractional steady-state intensities in a anisotropy amplitudes in a multi-exponential multi-exponential intensity decay anisotropy decay f efficiency of collisional quenching long-time anisotropy in an anisotropy decay correction factor for anisotropy modulated anisotropy R Forster distance in rcsonancc cncrgy G(τ) autocorrelation function of fluorescence transfer fluctuations temperature half-width in a distance or lifetime lase transition temperature for a distribution membrane intensity decay, typically the impulse pre-exponential factors in a multi-exponential response function intensity decay non-radiative decay rate angle between absorption and emission ks solvent relaxation rate transition moments transfcr ratc in rcsonancc cncrgy transfcr inverse of the decay timc,y=1/t k rate of singlet to triplet intersystem crossing radiative decay rate rate of return to the singlet ground state dielectric constant or extinction coefficient from the triplet state CA Or S molar extinction coefficient for absorption modulation at a light modulation 0 rotational correlation time frequency o critical angle for total internal reflection refractive index. when used in consideration orientation factor in resonance energy of solvent effects transfer N number of observed molecules in FCS wavelength N(t1) number of counts pcr channel, in timc- cmission wavclength correlation single-photon counting maximum emission wavelength P(r) probability function for a distance (r) excitation wavelength distribution xXII 【实例截图】
【核心代码】