实例介绍
【实例简介】
Goodman 傅里叶光学 信息光学 经典教材，光学专业类的
Electromagnetics SENIOR CONSULTING EDITOR Stephen w. Director, Camegie mellon University Dearhold and McSpadden: Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Goodman: Introduction to Fourier Optics Harrington: Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields Hayt: Engineering Electromagnetics Kraus: Electromagnetics Paul and Nasar: Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields Plonus: Applied electromagnetics Introduction to Fourier Optics SECOND EDITION Joseph W. goodman Stanford University THE MeGRAW-HILL CoMPANIES inc. New York St Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto McGraw-hill A Divisioii of TricicGrawiiiCo INTRODUCTION TO FOURIER OPTICS Copyright C1996, 1968 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Reissued 1988 by Thc McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher This book is printed on acid-free paper 34567890 FGR FGR90987 ISBN0-07-024254-2 This book was set in Times Roman by Publication Services, Inc The editors were Lynn Cox and John M. Morriss the production supervisor was Paula keller The cover was designed by Anthony Paccione Quebecor Printing/Fairfield was printer and binder Library of congress catalog card Number. 95-82033 ABOUT THE AUTHOR JOSEPH W. GOODMAN received the A B. degree in Engineering and Applied Physics from Harvard University and the ms and Ph. D. degrees in Electrical Engi- neering from Stanford University He has been a member of the stanford faculty since 1967, and served as the Chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering from 1988 through 1996 Dr. Goodman ' s contributions to optics have been recognized in many ways. he has served as President of the International Commission for Optics and of the optical so- ciety of America(OSA). He received the f.e. terman award of the American Society for Engineering education(1971), the max born award of the osa for contributions to physical optics (1983), the Dennis gabor Award of the International Society for Op- tical Engineering(SPIE, 1987), the Education Medal of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, 1987), the Frederic Ives Medal of the osa for overall distinction in optics(1990), and the esther Hoffman beller medal of the osa for con tributions to optics education(1995). He is a Fellow of the OSA, the SPie, and the IEEE. In 1987 he was elected to the National Academy of engineering In addition to Introduction to Fourier Optics, Dr. Goodman is the author of statis tical Optics (J. Wiley sons, 1985 )and the editor of International Trends in Optics (Academic Press, 1991). He has authored more than 200 scientific and technical articles in professional journals and books To the memory of my Mother, Doris Ryan goodman and my Fathel; Joseph goodman, Jr CONTENTS Preface XvII 1 Introduction Optics, Information, and communication 1.2 The book 2 Analysis of Two-Dimensional Signals and Systems 2.1 Fourier Analysis in Two Dimensions 2../ Definition and Existence Conditions/2.1.2 The Fourier Transform as a Decomposition /2. 1. 3 Fourier Transform Theorems/2.1.4 Separable functions/2. 1.5 Functions with Circular Symmetry: Fourier-Bessel Transforms /2.1.6 Some Frequently Used Functions and Some Useful Fourier transform Pairs 2.2 Local Spatial frequency and space-frequency localization 16 2.3 Linear Systems 19 2.3. 1 Lineurity and the Superposition Integral /2. 3. 2 Invariant Linear Systems: Transfer Functions 2.4 Two-Dimensional Sampling Theory 2. 4. 1 The Whittaker-Shannon Sampling Theorem/2.4.2 Spac'e Bandwidth product Problems--Chapter 2 3 Foundations of Scalar Diffraction Theory 32 3.1 Historical introduction 3.2 From a Vector to a Scalar Theory 3. 3 Some mathematical Preliminaries 38 3. 3. I The Helmholtz Equation /3.3.2 Green's Theorem 3.3.3 The Integral Theorem of Helmholtz and Kirchhoff 3.4 The Kirchhoff Formulation of Diffraction by a planar Screen 42 3. 4.1 Application of the Integral Theorem /3.4.2 The Kirchhoff Boundary Conditions/3.4.3 The Fresnel-Kirchhoff Diffruction Formula 3.5 The Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Formulation of Diffraction 3.5.1 Choice of Alternative Greens Func tions /3.5.2 The Ravleigh-Sommerfeld Diffruction Formule xil Contents 3.6 Comparison of the Kirchhoff and Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Theories 50 3. 7 Further Discussion of the huygens-Fresnel Principle 52 3.8 Generalization to nonmonochromatic aves 53 3. 9 Diffraction at boundaries 3.10 The Angular Spectrum of Plane Waves 55 3. 10. 1 The Angular Spectrum and Its Physical interpretation 3.10.2 Propagation of the Angular Spectrum/3.10.3 Effects of a Diffracting Aperture on the Angular Spectrum /3.10.4 The propagation Phenomenon as a linear Spatial filter Problems— Chapter3 61 4 Fresnel and fraunhofer diffraction 63 4. 1 Background 63 4.1.1 The Intensity of a Wave Field /4.1.2 The Huygens-Fresnel Principle in Rectangular coordinates 42 The Fresnel Approximation 4.2.1 Positive vs. Negative Phases /4.2.2 Accuracy of the Fresnel Approximation /4.2. 3 The Fresnel Approximation and the Angular Spectrum /4.2.4 Fresnel Diffraction Between Confocal Spherical Surfaces 4.3 The Fraunhofer Approximation 73 44 Examples of Fraunhofer Diffraction Patterns 75 4. 4. 1 Rectangular Aperture /4.4.2 Circular Aperture/ 4.4.3 Thin Sinusoidal Amplitude grating /4.4.4 Thin Sinusoidal Phase grating 4.5 Examples of fresnel Diffraction Calculations 4.6. 1 Fresnel Diffraction by a Square aperture 4.5.2 Fresnel Diffraction by a Sinusoidal Amplitude Gratin 8- Talbot Images Problems--Chapter 4 90 5 Wave-Optics Analysis of Coherent Optical Systems 96 5. 1 A Thin lens as a phase transformation 5.1.I The Thickness Function /5. 1.2 The paraxial Approximation /5.1.3 The Phase Transformation and Its Physical meaning 5.2 Fourier Transforming Properties of Lenses 101 6. 2. 1 Input Placed Against the Lens /5.2.2 Input Placed in Front of the Lens /5.2.3 Input Placed Behind the Lens /5.2.4 Example of an Optical Fourier Transform Contents xiii 5.3 Image Formation: Monochromatic Illumination 108 5.3. 1 The Impulse response of a Positive lens /5.3.2 Eliminating Quadratic Phase Factors: The Lens Law /5.3.3 The Relation Between Object and image 5.4 Analysis of Complex Coherent Optical Systems 5.4.1 An Operator Notation /5.4.2 Application of the Operator Approach to some Optical systems Problems--Chapter 5 120 6 Frequency Analysis of Optical Imaging Systems 126 6.1 Generalized Treatment of Imaging Systems 127 6. 1.1 A Generalized Model /6.1.2 Effects of Diffraction on the Image /6.1.3 Polychromatic lllumination: The Coherent and Incoherent cases 6.2 Frequency Response for Diffraction-Limited Coherent Imagins 6.2. 1 The Amplitude Transfer Function /6.2. 2 Examples of Amplitude Transfer Functions 6.3 Frequency Response for Diffraction-Limited Incoherent Imaging 137 6.3. 1 The Optical Transfer Function/6.3.2 General Properties of the OTF /6.3.3 The OTF of un Aberration-Free System 6.3. 4 Examples of Diffraction-Limited OTFs 6.4 Aberrations and Their effects on Frequency response 145 6.4.7 The generalized Pupil Function /6.4.2 Effects of' Aberrations on the amplitude Transfer Function /6.4.3 Effects of Aberrations on the OTF /6.4. 4 Example of a simple Aberration:A Focusing Error /6.4.5 Apodization and Its Effects on Frequency re 6.5 Comparison of Coherent and Incoherent Imaging 154 6.5. Frequency Spectrum of the Image Intensity /6.5. Two-Point Resolution /6.5.3 Other effects 6.6 Resolution Beyond the Classical Diffraction Limit 160 6.6.1 Underlying Mathematical Fundamentals /6.6.2 Intuitive Explanation of Bandwidth Extrapolation/6.6.3 An Extrapolation Method Based on the sampling Theorem /6.6.4 An Iterative Extrapolation method/6.6.5 Practical limitations Problems--Chapter 6 165 7 Wavefront modulation 172 7.1 Wavefront Modulation with Photographic Film l73 7.1. I The Physical processes of Exposure, Development, and Fixing/7.1.2 Definition of Terms /7.1.3 Film in an Incoherent 【实例截图】
【核心代码】
Goodman 傅里叶光学 信息光学 经典教材，光学专业类的
Electromagnetics SENIOR CONSULTING EDITOR Stephen w. Director, Camegie mellon University Dearhold and McSpadden: Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Goodman: Introduction to Fourier Optics Harrington: Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields Hayt: Engineering Electromagnetics Kraus: Electromagnetics Paul and Nasar: Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields Plonus: Applied electromagnetics Introduction to Fourier Optics SECOND EDITION Joseph W. goodman Stanford University THE MeGRAW-HILL CoMPANIES inc. New York St Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto McGraw-hill A Divisioii of TricicGrawiiiCo INTRODUCTION TO FOURIER OPTICS Copyright C1996, 1968 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Reissued 1988 by Thc McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher This book is printed on acid-free paper 34567890 FGR FGR90987 ISBN0-07-024254-2 This book was set in Times Roman by Publication Services, Inc The editors were Lynn Cox and John M. Morriss the production supervisor was Paula keller The cover was designed by Anthony Paccione Quebecor Printing/Fairfield was printer and binder Library of congress catalog card Number. 95-82033 ABOUT THE AUTHOR JOSEPH W. GOODMAN received the A B. degree in Engineering and Applied Physics from Harvard University and the ms and Ph. D. degrees in Electrical Engi- neering from Stanford University He has been a member of the stanford faculty since 1967, and served as the Chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering from 1988 through 1996 Dr. Goodman ' s contributions to optics have been recognized in many ways. he has served as President of the International Commission for Optics and of the optical so- ciety of America(OSA). He received the f.e. terman award of the American Society for Engineering education(1971), the max born award of the osa for contributions to physical optics (1983), the Dennis gabor Award of the International Society for Op- tical Engineering(SPIE, 1987), the Education Medal of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, 1987), the Frederic Ives Medal of the osa for overall distinction in optics(1990), and the esther Hoffman beller medal of the osa for con tributions to optics education(1995). He is a Fellow of the OSA, the SPie, and the IEEE. In 1987 he was elected to the National Academy of engineering In addition to Introduction to Fourier Optics, Dr. Goodman is the author of statis tical Optics (J. Wiley sons, 1985 )and the editor of International Trends in Optics (Academic Press, 1991). He has authored more than 200 scientific and technical articles in professional journals and books To the memory of my Mother, Doris Ryan goodman and my Fathel; Joseph goodman, Jr CONTENTS Preface XvII 1 Introduction Optics, Information, and communication 1.2 The book 2 Analysis of Two-Dimensional Signals and Systems 2.1 Fourier Analysis in Two Dimensions 2../ Definition and Existence Conditions/2.1.2 The Fourier Transform as a Decomposition /2. 1. 3 Fourier Transform Theorems/2.1.4 Separable functions/2. 1.5 Functions with Circular Symmetry: Fourier-Bessel Transforms /2.1.6 Some Frequently Used Functions and Some Useful Fourier transform Pairs 2.2 Local Spatial frequency and space-frequency localization 16 2.3 Linear Systems 19 2.3. 1 Lineurity and the Superposition Integral /2. 3. 2 Invariant Linear Systems: Transfer Functions 2.4 Two-Dimensional Sampling Theory 2. 4. 1 The Whittaker-Shannon Sampling Theorem/2.4.2 Spac'e Bandwidth product Problems--Chapter 2 3 Foundations of Scalar Diffraction Theory 32 3.1 Historical introduction 3.2 From a Vector to a Scalar Theory 3. 3 Some mathematical Preliminaries 38 3. 3. I The Helmholtz Equation /3.3.2 Green's Theorem 3.3.3 The Integral Theorem of Helmholtz and Kirchhoff 3.4 The Kirchhoff Formulation of Diffraction by a planar Screen 42 3. 4.1 Application of the Integral Theorem /3.4.2 The Kirchhoff Boundary Conditions/3.4.3 The Fresnel-Kirchhoff Diffruction Formula 3.5 The Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Formulation of Diffraction 3.5.1 Choice of Alternative Greens Func tions /3.5.2 The Ravleigh-Sommerfeld Diffruction Formule xil Contents 3.6 Comparison of the Kirchhoff and Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Theories 50 3. 7 Further Discussion of the huygens-Fresnel Principle 52 3.8 Generalization to nonmonochromatic aves 53 3. 9 Diffraction at boundaries 3.10 The Angular Spectrum of Plane Waves 55 3. 10. 1 The Angular Spectrum and Its Physical interpretation 3.10.2 Propagation of the Angular Spectrum/3.10.3 Effects of a Diffracting Aperture on the Angular Spectrum /3.10.4 The propagation Phenomenon as a linear Spatial filter Problems— Chapter3 61 4 Fresnel and fraunhofer diffraction 63 4. 1 Background 63 4.1.1 The Intensity of a Wave Field /4.1.2 The Huygens-Fresnel Principle in Rectangular coordinates 42 The Fresnel Approximation 4.2.1 Positive vs. Negative Phases /4.2.2 Accuracy of the Fresnel Approximation /4.2. 3 The Fresnel Approximation and the Angular Spectrum /4.2.4 Fresnel Diffraction Between Confocal Spherical Surfaces 4.3 The Fraunhofer Approximation 73 44 Examples of Fraunhofer Diffraction Patterns 75 4. 4. 1 Rectangular Aperture /4.4.2 Circular Aperture/ 4.4.3 Thin Sinusoidal Amplitude grating /4.4.4 Thin Sinusoidal Phase grating 4.5 Examples of fresnel Diffraction Calculations 4.6. 1 Fresnel Diffraction by a Square aperture 4.5.2 Fresnel Diffraction by a Sinusoidal Amplitude Gratin 8- Talbot Images Problems--Chapter 4 90 5 Wave-Optics Analysis of Coherent Optical Systems 96 5. 1 A Thin lens as a phase transformation 5.1.I The Thickness Function /5. 1.2 The paraxial Approximation /5.1.3 The Phase Transformation and Its Physical meaning 5.2 Fourier Transforming Properties of Lenses 101 6. 2. 1 Input Placed Against the Lens /5.2.2 Input Placed in Front of the Lens /5.2.3 Input Placed Behind the Lens /5.2.4 Example of an Optical Fourier Transform Contents xiii 5.3 Image Formation: Monochromatic Illumination 108 5.3. 1 The Impulse response of a Positive lens /5.3.2 Eliminating Quadratic Phase Factors: The Lens Law /5.3.3 The Relation Between Object and image 5.4 Analysis of Complex Coherent Optical Systems 5.4.1 An Operator Notation /5.4.2 Application of the Operator Approach to some Optical systems Problems--Chapter 5 120 6 Frequency Analysis of Optical Imaging Systems 126 6.1 Generalized Treatment of Imaging Systems 127 6. 1.1 A Generalized Model /6.1.2 Effects of Diffraction on the Image /6.1.3 Polychromatic lllumination: The Coherent and Incoherent cases 6.2 Frequency Response for Diffraction-Limited Coherent Imagins 6.2. 1 The Amplitude Transfer Function /6.2. 2 Examples of Amplitude Transfer Functions 6.3 Frequency Response for Diffraction-Limited Incoherent Imaging 137 6.3. 1 The Optical Transfer Function/6.3.2 General Properties of the OTF /6.3.3 The OTF of un Aberration-Free System 6.3. 4 Examples of Diffraction-Limited OTFs 6.4 Aberrations and Their effects on Frequency response 145 6.4.7 The generalized Pupil Function /6.4.2 Effects of' Aberrations on the amplitude Transfer Function /6.4.3 Effects of Aberrations on the OTF /6.4. 4 Example of a simple Aberration:A Focusing Error /6.4.5 Apodization and Its Effects on Frequency re 6.5 Comparison of Coherent and Incoherent Imaging 154 6.5. Frequency Spectrum of the Image Intensity /6.5. Two-Point Resolution /6.5.3 Other effects 6.6 Resolution Beyond the Classical Diffraction Limit 160 6.6.1 Underlying Mathematical Fundamentals /6.6.2 Intuitive Explanation of Bandwidth Extrapolation/6.6.3 An Extrapolation Method Based on the sampling Theorem /6.6.4 An Iterative Extrapolation method/6.6.5 Practical limitations Problems--Chapter 6 165 7 Wavefront modulation 172 7.1 Wavefront Modulation with Photographic Film l73 7.1. I The Physical processes of Exposure, Development, and Fixing/7.1.2 Definition of Terms /7.1.3 Film in an Incoherent 【实例截图】
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