Principles of Optics 7th ed M.Born,E.Wolf.pdf 光学原理

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Principles of Optics 7th ed M.Born,E.Wolf.pdf 光学原理 比较好的光学原理介绍书籍，内容全面丰富，几何光学 波动光学 材料光学
Max Bcrn was one o the mant dtinguhed a researches in quantum mechanic he made diso cement af phrases. Fru 19 D denies hent Bti egree fom the University of Edinburgh He oned in addition 1D Pnncomles of Opts, Professor wolf s Arenda1978an然 Principles of optics Principles of Optics is one of the classic science books of the ntieth centu d probably the most influential book published in the past 40 years. The new edition is the first ever thoroughly revised and expanded edition of this standard text mong the new material, much of which is not available in any other optics text, is a section on the Cat scan(computerized axial tomo graphy,which has revolutionized mcdical diagnostics. The book als Includes a new chapter on scattering from inhomogeneous media which provides a comprehensive treatment of the theory of scattering of scalar as well as of electromagnetic waves, including thc Born series and the Rytov scries. The chapter also presents an account of the principles of diffraction tomography-a refinement of the Cat scan-to which Emil Wolf, one of the authors, has made a basic contribution by formulating in 1969 what is generally regarded to be the basic theorem in this field he chapter also includes an account of scattering from periodic potentials and its connection to the classic subject of determining thc structure of crystals from X-ray diffraction experiments, including accounts of von Laue equations, Bragg's law, the Ewald sphere of reflection and the Ewald limiting sphere, both generalized to continuous media. These topics, although originally introduced in connection with the thcory of X-ray diffraction by crystals, have since become of consid- erable relevance to optics, for example in connection with deep holo grams Other new topics covered in this new edition include interference with broad-band light, which introduces the reader to an important phenom- enon discovered relatively recently by Emil Wolf, namely the generation of shifts of spectral lines and othcr modifications of spectra of radiated fields due to the state of coherence of a source there is also a section on the So-called Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory which, in recent times, has been finding increasing popularity among optical scientists. There are also several new appendices, including energy conservation in scalar wavefields., which is seldom discussed in books on optic The new edition of this standard reference will continue to be invaluable to advanced undergraduates, graduate students and research ers working in most areas of optics To the Memory of Sir ernest Oppenheimer Principles of optics Electromagnetic theory of propagation interference and diffraction of light M△ X BORN MA. Dr PhiL. FRS Nobel laureate Formerly Professor at the (niversities nf Gottingen and Edinburgh EMIL WOLF Phd. ds Wilson Professor of Optical Physics, University of Rochester: Y with contributions A.B. BHATIA P C CLEMMOW, D GABOR, ARSTOKES A M.TAYLOR. P.A. WAYMAN AND W.L. WII. COCK SEVENTH EXPANDED) EDITION CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de alarcon 13, 28014 Madrid Spain Dock House. The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa ige. org Seventh(expanded)edition ( Margaret Farley-Born and Emil Wolf 1999 This book is in copyright. Subject to statuto and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreernents no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 1959 by Pergamon Press Ltd, London Sixth edition 1980 Reprinted(with corrections)1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1991,1993 Rcissucd by Cambridge University Press 1997 th(expanded)edition 1999 d with corrections, 200 Reprinted 2003 Printed in the United KingdoIn al the University Press, Ca A catalogue record for this book is available from the british library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Born. max Principles ofo 7th ed I. Title II. Wolf Emil 535QC35180-41470 ISBN 0 521 642221 hardback Preface to corrected reprint of the seventh edition As mentioned in the Preface to the seventh edition of this work, a change to a new publisher has made it possible to reset the whole text. Not surprisingly such a large amount of typesetting introduced some typographical crrors. Thosc found by now have been corrected, as has been other inaccuracies which the reviewers and readers of the book brought to my attention. A small number of additional references have also been included. For the sake of completeness the Prefaces to the third, fourth and fifth editions have also been added I am particularly indebted to Dr E Hecht who in a thorough review of the seventh edition noted several errors and inaccuracies that have now been corrected. I am also obliged to Dr S. H. Wicrsma and Mr Damon Diehl who read much of the text very carefully and supplied me with long lists of misprints and other errors. I must also thank my friends and colleagues Professor Taco Visser, Dr Daniel F. V. James, Dr Peter Milonni, Profcssor Richard M. Sillitto, Mrs Winifred Sillitto and Dr Andrei Shchegrov for drawing my attention to a number of errors. Finally I wish to express my debtedness to my colleague and former student Dr Greg Gbur for much help with the preparation of the corrected version Rochester, New York EW August 2001 Preface to the first edition THE idea of writing this book was a result of frequent enquiries about the possibility of publishing in the English language a book on optics written by one of us* more than twenty-five years ago. A preliminary survey of the literature showed that numerous researches on almost every aspect of optics have been carried out in the intervening years, so that the book no longer gives a comprehensive and balanced picture of the field. In consequence it was felt that a translation was hardly appropriate; instead a substantially new book was prepared, which we are now placing before the reader. In planning this book it soon became apparent that even if only the most important developments which took place since the publication of Optik were incorporated, the book would become impracticably large. It was, therefore, deemed necessary to restrict its scope to a narrowcr field. Optik itself did not treat the whole of optics. The optics of moving media, optics of X-rays and y-rays, the theory of spectra and the full connection between optics and atomic physics were not discussed; nor did the old der the cffccts of light on our visual the eye. These subjects can be treated more appropriately in connection with other fields such as relativity quantum mechanics, atomic and nuclear physics, and physiology. In this book not only are these subjects excluded, but also the classical molecular optics which was tho subject matter of almost half of the German book. Thus our discussion is restricted to those optical phenomena which may be treated in terms of Maxwells phenomenology cal theory. This includes all situations in which the atomistic structure of matter plays no decisive part. The connection with atomic physics quantum mechanics. and physiology is indicated only by short references wherever necessary. The fact that even after this limitation, the book is much larger than Optik, gives some indication about the extent of the researches that have been carried out in classical optics in recent times We have aimed at giving, within the framework just outlined, a reasonably complete picturc of our present knowledge. We have attempted to present the theory in such a way that practically all the results can be traced back to the basic equations of Maxwells electromagnetic theory, from which our whole consideration starts In Chapter i the main properties of the electromagnetic ficld are discussed and the efTect of matter on the propagation of the electromagnetic disturbance is described formally, in terms of the usual material constants. A more physical approach to the Max Born Optik( Berlin. Springer. 1933) Preface to the first edition VI question of influence of matter is developed in Chapter II: it is shown that in the presence of an external incident field, each volume element of a material medium may be assumed to give rise to a secondary(scattered) wavelet and that the combination of these wavelets leads to the observable, macroscopic field. This approach is of consid erable physical significance and its power is illustrated in a later chapter( Chapter XII) in connection with the diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves, first treated in this way A.B. Bhatia and W. J. Noble; Chapter XlI was contributed by Prof. Bhatia himself. A conSiderable part of Chapter III is devoted lo showing how geometrical optics follows from Maxwells wave theory as a limiting case of short wavelengths. I1 addition to discussing the main properties of rays and wave-fronts, the vectorial aspects of the problem (propagation of the directions of the field vectors) are also considered. a detailed discussion of the foundations of geometrical optics seemed to us desirable in view of the important developments made in recent years in the related field of microwave optics(optics of short radio waves ) These developments were often stimulated by the close analogy between the two fields and have provided new experimental techniques for testing the predictions of the theory. We found it convenient to separate the mathcmatical apparatus of gcomctrical optics-the calculus of variations from the main text; an appendix on this subject(Appendix I) is based in the main part on unpublished lectures given by D. Hilbert at Gottingen University in the early years of this century. The following appendix(Appendix II), contributed by Prof D. Gabor. shows the formal analogy that exists be geometrical opti classical mechanics, and electron optics when these subjects are presented in the guage of the calculus of variatio We make no apology for basing our treatment of geometrical theory of imaging Chapter iv on hamilton's classical methods of Though these methods have found little favour in connection with the design of optical instruments thcy represent nevertheless an essential tool for presenting in a unified manner the many diverse aspects of the subject. It is, of course, possible to derive some of th results more simply from ad hoc assumptions; but, however valuable such an approach may be for the solution of individual problems, it cannot have more than illustrative value in a book concerned with a systematic development of a theory from a few simple postulates The defect of optical images(the influence of aberrations) may be studied either by geometrical optics(appropriate when the aberrations are large), or by diffraction theory (when they are sufficiently small). Since one usually proceeds from quite different starting points in the two methods of treatment, a comparison of results has in the past not always been easy. We have attempted to develop a more unified treatment based on the concept of the deformation of wave-fronts. In the geometrical analysis of aberrations(Chapter v)we have found it possible and advantageous to follow, after a slight modification of his eikonal, the old method of K Schwarzschild. The chapter on diffraction theory of aberrations(Chapter IX) gives an account of the Nijboer-Zernike theory and also includes an introductory section on the imaging of extended objects, in coherent and in incoherent illumination, based on the techniques of Fourier trans Chapter VI, contributed by Dr P. A. Wayman, gives a brief description of the main image-forming optical systems. Its purpose is to provide a framework for those parts of the book which deal with the theory of image formation 【实例截图】
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