Objective-C Succinctly.pdf

【实例简介】oc基础教程

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Table of Contents
The Story behind the Succinctly Series of Books.................................................................................. 8
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 10
The Objective-C Language .................................................................................................................... 10
Sample Code ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Setting Up .............................................................................................................................................. 11
Installation .............................................................................................................................................. 12
Creating an Application .......................................................................................................................... 12
Getting to Know the Xcode IDE ............................................................................................................. 14
Editing Files .........................................................................................................................................15
Compiling Code ...................................................................................................................................15
Summary................................................................................................................................................ 16
Chapter 1 Hello, Objective-C................................................................................................................... 17
Creating a Class..................................................................................................................................... 17
Components of a Class.......................................................................................................................... 18
Defining Methods ................................................................................................................................... 19
Instantiating Objects............................................................................................................................... 20
Calling Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Adding Method Parameters ................................................................................................................... 21
Defining Properties ................................................................................................................................ 22
Summary................................................................................................................................................ 23
Chapter 2 Data Types............................................................................................................................... 24
Displaying Values................................................................................................................................... 24
Primitive Data Types .............................................................................................................................. 25
Booleans ..............................................................................................................................................25
Chars....................................................................................................................................................26
Short Integers ......................................................................................................................................26
“Normal” Integers .................................................................................................................................26
Long Integers .......................................................................................................................................27
Floats ...................................................................................................................................................27
Doubles................................................................................................................................................27
Structs ..................................................................................................................................................28
Arrays...................................................................................................................................................28
5
Void ......................................................................................................................................................30
nil and NULL ........................................................................................................................................31
Primitive Data Type Summary ............................................................................................................... 31
Foundation Data Structures ................................................................................................................... 31
NSNumber ...........................................................................................................................................31
NSDecimalNumber ..............................................................................................................................32
NSString...............................................................................................................................................34
NSMutableString ..................................................................................................................................35
NSArray ...............................................................................................................................................36
NSMutableArray...................................................................................................................................38
NSSet and NSMutableSet ...................................................................................................................39
NSDictionary and NSMutableDictionary ..............................................................................................41
The id Data Type..................................................................................................................................42
The Class Data Type ...........................................................................................................................43
Foundation Data Structures Summary.................................................................................................43
Chapter 3 Properties................................................................................................................................ 45
Declaring Properties .............................................................................................................................. 45
Implementing Properties ........................................................................................................................ 45
Instance Variables.................................................................................................................................. 46
Customizing Accessors........................................................................................................................47
Dot Syntax............................................................................................................................................48
Summary................................................................................................................................................ 49
Chapter 4 Memory Management............................................................................................................. 50
Manual Memory Management ............................................................................................................... 50
Auto-Releasing Objects .......................................................................................................................55
Manual Retain-Release Attributes .......................................................................................................56
Automatic Reference Counting .............................................................................................................. 57
ARC Attributes .....................................................................................................................................58
Summary................................................................................................................................................ 59
Chapter 5 Methods................................................................................................................................... 60
Instance vs. Class Methods ................................................................................................................... 60
The super Keyword................................................................................................................................ 61
Initialization Methods ............................................................................................................................. 61
Class Initialization ................................................................................................................................63
6
Deallocation Methods ............................................................................................................................ 64
Deallocation in MMR............................................................................................................................64
Deallocation in ARC.............................................................................................................................65
Private Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 65
Selectors ................................................................................................................................................ 67
Method Names and Selectors .............................................................................................................69
Performing Selectors ...........................................................................................................................70
Checking for the Existence of Selectors ..............................................................................................70
Using Selectors....................................................................................................................................71
Summary................................................................................................................................................ 73
Chapter 6 Categories and Extensions ................................................................................................... 74
Categories.............................................................................................................................................. 74
Protected Methods...............................................................................................................................77
Caveats ................................................................................................................................................80
Extensions.............................................................................................................................................. 80
Private Methods ...................................................................................................................................82
Summary................................................................................................................................................ 83
Chapter 7 Protocols ................................................................................................................................. 84
Creating a Protocol ................................................................................................................................ 84
Adopting a Protocol................................................................................................................................ 85
Advantages of Protocols ........................................................................................................................ 86
Protocols As Pseudo-Types ................................................................................................................... 87
Dynamic Conformance Checking ........................................................................................................88
Forward-Declaring Protocols ................................................................................................................. 89
Summary................................................................................................................................................ 90
Chapter 8 Exceptions and Errors ........................................................................................................... 91
Exception Handling ................................................................................................................................ 91
The NSException Class.......................................................................................................................92
Generating Exceptions.........................................................................................................................92
Catching Exceptions ............................................................................................................................93
Throwing Exceptions............................................................................................................................94
Error Handling........................................................................................................................................ 96
The NSError Class...............................................................................................................................97
Error Domains......................................................................................................................................97
7
Capturing Errors...................................................................................................................................98
Custom Errors......................................................................................................................................99
Summary.............................................................................................................................................. 100
Chapter 9 Blocks.................................................................................................................................... 102
Creating Blocks.................................................................................................................................... 102
Parameter-less Blocks.......................................................................................................................103
Using Blocks as Callbacks................................................................................................................... 103
Storing and Executing Blocks .............................................................................................................. 105
Parameter-less Block Variables .........................................................................................................106
Working with Variables......................................................................................................................... 106
Blocks Are Closures...........................................................................................................................107
Mutable Block Variables.....................................................................................................................108
Defining Methods that Accept Blocks ................................................................................................109
Summary.............................................................................................................................................. 110
Conclusion................................................................................................................................................111
iOS Succinctly.......................................................................................................................................111