《The Data Model Resource Book》pdf(模型资源)

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Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Chapter 1 Introduction
Why Is There a Need for This Book?
Who Can Benefit from Reading This Book?
The Need for Universal Data Models
A Holistic Approach to Systems Development
What Is the Intent of This Book and These Models?
What Is New in the Second Edition of the Data Model
Resource Book?
Conventions and Standards Used in This Book
Entities
Subtypes and Supertypes
Non-Mutually Exclusive Sets of Subtypes
Attributes
Relationships
Relationship Optionality
Relationship Cardinality
Foreign Key Relationships
Foreign Key Inheritance
Intersection or Association Entities to Handle Many-to-Many
Relationships
Exclusive Arcs
Recursive Relationships
Physical Models
Conventions Used for Illustration Tables
Conventions Used to Reference Figures
The Companion CD-ROM
Chapter 2 People and Organizations
Organization
Person
Person—Alternate Model
Party 29
Party Roles 33
Organization Roles 35
Common Party Role Subtypes 36
Should Roles Be Defined at the Time of the Transaction? 36
Party Role Example 37
Role Types throughout This Book 37
Party Relationship 39
Party Relationship Examples 44
Party Relationship Information 46
Status Types 47
Party Contact Information 47
Postal Address Information 49
Geographic Boundaries 51
Party Contact Mechanism—Telecommunications Numbers
and Electronic Addresses 53
Party Contact Mechanism (Expanded) 54
Contact Mechanism Purpose 56
Facility versus Contact Mechanism 58
Party Communication Event 58
Communication Event Follow-Up 63
Summary 67
Chapter 3 Products 69
Product Definition 70
Product Category 71
Product Identification Codes 75
Product Features 76
Product Feature Interaction 78
Product Feature Subtypes 78
Product Feature Examples 79
Unit of Measure 80
Suppliers and Manufacturers of Products 81
Inventory Item Storage 84
Product Pricing 87
Pricing Subtypes 87
Price Component Attributes and Relationship to Product
or Product Feature 89
Pricing Factors 89
International Pricing 91
Example of Product Pricing . 91
Product Costing 93
Product to Product Associations 96
Products and Parts 100
Summary 104
Chapter 4 Ordering Products
Standard Order Model
Order and Order Items
105
106
109
Order Parties and Contact Mechanisms
Sales Order Parties and Contact Mechanisms
Party Placing Order and Related Contact Mechanism
Party Taking Order and Related Contact Mechanism
Ship-to Party and Contact Mechanism
Bill-to Party and Contact Mechanism
Person Roles for Orders
Purchase Order Parties and Contact Mechanisms
Generic Order Roles and Contact Mechanisms
Order Adjustments
Order Status and Terms
Order Status
Order Terms
Order Item Association
Optional Order Models
Requirements
Requirement Roles
Requirement Status
Product Requirements
Order Requirement Commitments
Requirement Example
Requests
Request
Request Items
Quote Definition
Quote Roles
Quote
Quote Items
Quote Terms
Agreement Definition
Agreement Item
Agreement Terms
Agreement Pricing
Agreement to Order
Summary
Chapter 5 Shipments
Shipments
Shipment Types
Shipments Parties and Contact Mechanisms
Shipping Detail
Shipment Status
Shipment-to-Order Relationship
Shipment Receipts
Item Issuance for Outgoing Shipments
Shipment Documents
Shipment Routing
Shipment Vehicle
Summary
Contents vii
viii Contents
Chapter 6 Work Effort
Work Requirement and Work Efforts
Work Requirement Definition
Requirement Types
Anticipated Demand
Work Requirement Compared to Order
Work Requirement Roles
Work Effort Generation
Work Effort Type and Work Effort Purpose Type
Work Effort Attributes
Fulfillment of Work Requirements
Work Effort and Facility
Work Effort Generation—Alternate Model
Work Effort Associations
Work Effort Association Definition
Work Effort Dependency
Work Efforts and Work Tasks
Work Effort Party Assignment
Work Effort Party Assignment
Party Skill and Skill Type
Work Effort Status
Work Effort Party Assignment
Work Effort Role Type
Work Effort Assignment Facility
Work Effort Time Tracking
Work Effort Rates
Work Effort Assignment Rate
Inventory Assignments
Fixed Asset Assignments
Fixed Asset
Fixed Asset Type
Fixed Asset Assignment and Status
Party Fixed Asset Assignments
Work Effort Type Standards
Work Effort Skill Standards
Work Effort Good Standards
Work Effort Fixed Asset Standard
Work Effort Results
Summary
Chapter 7 Invoicing
Invoices and Invoice Items
Invoice Roles
Billing Account
Invoice Specific Roles
Invoice Terms and Status
Invoice Status
Invoice Terms
-Invoice and Associated Transactions
Billing for Shipment Items
Billing for Work Efforts and Time Entries
Billing for Order Items
Payments
Financial Accounts, Deposits, and Withdrawals
Summary
Chapter 8 Accounting and Budgeting
Chart of Accounts for Internal Organizations
General Ledger Accounts and Types
Organization GL Account
Accounting Period
Accounting Transactions Definition
Business Transactions versus Accounting Transactions?
Accounting Transaction
Accounting Transactions and Their Related Parties
Accounting Transaction Details
Transaction Detail
Relationships between Accounting Transaction Details
Account Balances and Transactions
Subsidiary Accounts
Asset Depreciation
Budget Definition
Budget
Budget Item
Budget Status
Budget Revision
Budget Review
Budget Scenarios
Usage and Sources of Budgeted Amounts
Commitments against Budgets
Payments against Budgets
Budget Relationship to General Ledger
Budgeted Items versus General Ledger Accounts
Summary
Chapter 9 Human Resources
Standard Human Resources Model
Employment
Position Definition
Position
Position Authorization
Position Type
Position Responsibilities
Position Type Definition
Organization
Position Fulfillment and Tracking
Position Fulfillment
Position Status Type
Hiring Organization
Other Considerations
Contents IX
Contents
Position Reporting Relationships 312
Position Reporting Structure 312
Salary Determination and Pay History 314
Position Type Rate 316
Pay Grade and Salary Step 317
Pay History and Actual Salary 318
Benefits Definition and Tracking 319
Employment 319
Party Benefit 320
Period Type 321
Benefit Type 321
Payroll Information 322
Employee 322
Payment Method Type 324
Payroll Preference 324
Paycheck 325
Deduction and Deduction Type 326
Employment Application 327
Employee Skills and Qualifications 328
Employee Performance 328
Employee Termination 333
Summary 333
Chapter 10 Creating the Data Warehouse Data Model from the
Enterprise Data Model 337
The Data Warehouse Architecture 337
The Enterprise Data Model 338
The Data Warehouse Design 338
The Departmental Data Warehouse Design or Data Mart 338
An Architected Data Warehouse Environment 339
The Enterprise Data Model 340
Transformation Requirements 340
Process Models 342
High-Level and Logical Data Models 342
Making the Transformation 343
Removing Operational Data 345
Adding an Element of Time to the Warehouse Key 346
Adding Derived Data 346
Creating Relationship Artifacts 347
Changing Granularity of Data 350
Merging Tables 351
Creation of Arrays of Data 352
Organizing Data According to Its Stability 354
Summary 355
Chapter 11 A Sample Data Warehouse Data Model 357
Transformation to Customer Invoice 358
Removing Operational Data 358
Adding an Element of Time 359
Adding Derived Data 360
Contents xi
Creating Relationship Artifacts
Accommodating Levels of Granularity
Merging Tables
Separation Based on Stability
Other Considerations
The Sample Data Warehouse Data Model
Common Reference Tables
Summary
Chapter 12 Star Schema Designs for Sales Analysis
Sales Analysis Data Mart
Customer Sales Facts
Customer Dimension
Customer Demographics Dimensions
Sales Reps Dimension
Internal Organizations Dimension
Addresses Dimension
Product Dimension
Time Dimension
Transaction-Oriented Sales Data Mart
Variations on the Sales Analysis Data Mart
Variation 1: Sales Rep Performance Data Mart
Customer Rep Sales Fact
Time Dimension
Variation 2: Product Analysis Data Mart
Product Sales Facts
Geographic Boundaries Dimension
Summary
Chapter 13 Star Schema Designs for Human Resources
Human Resources Star Schema
Human Resource Fact Table
Organizations Dimension
Position Types Dimension
Genders Dimension
Length of Services Dimension
Statuses Dimension
Pay Grades Dimension
EEOC Types Dimension
Time_By_Month Dimension
Human Resources Star Schema at a Higher Level of
Granularization
Summary
Chapter 14 Additional Star Schema Designs
Inventory Management Analysis
Purchase Order Analysis
Shipment Analysis
Work Effort Analysis
xii Contents
Financial Analysis 404
Summary 405
Chapter 15 Implementing the Universal Data Models 407
The Enterprise Data Model—An Integrated Business View
of the Enterprise's Information 408
Customizing the Universal Data Models 410
Degrees of Customization 410
Customizing the Models for Unique Business Terminology 411
Example of Changing the Terms for the Specific Enterprise 412
Additional Information Requirements Needed for the
Enterprise 416
How the Universal Data Models and Enterprise Data Model
Solve Business Problems 418
Using a Data Model for a Particular Application 419
Understanding Business Processes 420
Building the Logical Data Model 422
Physical Database Design 425
Basic Database Design Principles 425
Creating a Physical Database Design 427
Physical Database Design Examples 428
Review of the Party Role and Relationship Model 428
Party Roles and Relationships Physical Design, Option 1 430
Example Data for Physical Database Design, Option 1 433
Party Roles and Relationships Physical Design, Option 2 437
Party Roles and Relationships Generic Design, Option 3 439
Using the Data Warehouse Models 444
Summary 446
For More Information 447
Appendix A Logical Data Model Entities and Attributes 449
Appendix B Data Warehouse Data Model Tables and Columns 503
Appendix C Star Schema Design Tables and Columns 509
How to Use the CD-ROM Product 519
Other Reusable Data Model and Data Warehouse Design Resources 521
Index 523