lua中文参考手册

【实例截图】

【核心代码】

目录
Lua 5.3 参考手册..................................1
1 – 简介........................................................19
2 – 基本概念....................................................20
2.1 – 值与类型..............................................20
2.2 – 环境与全局环境........................................22
2.3 – 错误处理..............................................23
2.4 – 元表及元方法..........................................24
2.5 – 垃圾收集..............................................27
2.5.1 – 垃圾收集元方法..................................28
2.5.2 – 弱表............................................29
2.6 – 协程..................................................30
3 – 语言定义....................................................32
3.1 – 词法约定..............................................32
3.2 – 变量..................................................35
3.3 – 语句..................................................36
3.3.1 – 语句块..........................................36
3.3.2 – 代码块..........................................37
3.3.3 – 赋值............................................37

4.6 – C 中的错误处理........................................59
4.7 – C 中的让出处理........................................59
4.8 – 函数和类型............................................62
lua_absindex ...........................................62
lua_Alloc................................................62
lua_arith................................................64
lua_atpanic .............................................64
lua_call .................................................65
lua_callk................................................66
lua_CFunction ..........................................66
lua_checkstack .........................................67
lua_close ...............................................67
lua_compare............................................68
lua_concat..............................................68
lua_copy................................................69
lua_createtable .........................................69
lua_dump...............................................69
lua_error ...............................................70
lua_gc ..................................................70
lua_getallocf............................................71
lua_getfield.............................................71
lua_getextraspace ......................................71
lua_getglobal ...........................................72
lua_geti ................................................72
lua_getmetatable .......................................72
lua_gettable ............................................73
lua_gettop..............................................73
lua_getuservalue .......................................73
lua_insert...............................................73
lua_Integer .............................................74
lua_isboolean...........................................74
lua_iscfunction .........................................74
lua_isfunction...........................................75
lua_isinteger............................................75
lua_islightuserdata .....................................75
lua_isnil ................................................75
lua_isnone..............................................76
lua_isnoneornil .........................................76
lua_isnumber ...........................................76
lua_isstring .............................................76
lua_istable..............................................77
lua_isthread ............................................77
lua_isuserdata ..........................................77
lua_isyieldable..........................................77
lua_KContext ...........................................78
lua_KFunction ..........................................78
lua_len .................................................78
lua_load ................................................78
lua_newstate ...........................................79
lua_newtable ...........................................80
lua_newthread..........................................80
lua_newuserdata .......................................80
lua_next ................................................81
lua_Number ............................................81
lua_numbertointeger ...................................82
lua_pcall................................................82
lua_pcallk ..............................................83
lua_pop.................................................83
lua_pushboolean........................................84
lua_pushcclosure .......................................84
lua_pushcfunction ......................................84
lua_pushfstring .........................................85
lua_pushglobaltable ....................................85
lua_pushinteger ........................................86
lua_pushlightuserdata ..................................86
lua_pushliteral..........................................86
lua_pushlstring .........................................87
lua_pushnil .............................................87
lua_pushnumber......................
lua_pushstring..........................................87
lua_pushthread .........................................88
lua_pushvalue ..........................................88
lua_pushvfstring........................................88
lua_rawequal ...........................................89
lua_rawget .............................................89
lua_rawgeti .............................................89
lua_rawgetp ............................................89
lua_rawlen..............................................90
lua_rawset..............................................90
lua_rawseti .............................................90
lua_rawsetp ............................................91
lua_Reader .............................................91
lua_register.............................................91
lua_remove.............................................92
lua_replace .............................................92
lua_resume.............................................92
lua_rotate ..............................................93
lua_setallocf ............................................93
lua_setfield .............................................93
lua_setglobal ...........................................94
lua_seti.................................................94
lua_setmetatable .......................................94
lua_settable ............................................95
lua_settop ..............................................95
lua_setuservalue .......................................95
lua_State ...............................................95
lua_status ..............................................96
lua_stringtonumber.....................................96
lua_toboolean ..........................................97
lua_tocfunction .........................................97
lua_tointeger ...........................................97
lua_tointegerx ..........................................97
lua_tolstring ............................................98
lua_tonumber ..........................................98
lua_tonumberx .........................................99
lua_topointer ...........................................99
lua_tostring ............................................99
lua_tothread...........................................100
lua_touserdata ........................................100
lua_type ...............................................100
lua_typename .........................................100
lua_Unsigned ..........................................101
lua_upvalueindex ......................................101
lua_version ............................................101
lua_Writer .............................................101
lua_xmove.............................................102
lua_yield...............................................102
lua_yieldk .............................................102
4.9 – 调试接口.............................................103
lua_Debug.............................................103
lua_gethook ...........................................105
lua_gethookcount......................................105
lua_gethookmask......................................105
lua_getinfo ............................................106
lua_getlocal ...........................................107
lua_getstack...........................................107
lua_getupvalue ........................................108
lua_Hook ..............................................108
lua_sethook ...........................................109
lua_setlocal............................................110
lua_setupvalue ........................................110
lua_upvalueid..........................................110
lua_upvaluejoin........................................111
5 – 辅助库.....................................................111
5.1 – 函数和类型...........................................112
luaL_addchar ..........................................112
luaL_addlstring ........................................112
luaL_addsize...........................................112
luaL_addstring.........................................113
luaL_addvalue .........................................113
luaL_argcheck .........................................113
luaL_argerror ..........................................114
luaL_Buffer ............................................114
luaL_buffinit ...........................................115
luaL_buffinitsize .......................................115
luaL_callmeta..........................................115
luaL_checkany.........................................116
luaL_checkinteger .....................................116
luaL_checklstring ......................................116
luaL_checknumber.....................................116
luaL_checkoption ......................................117
luaL_checkstack .......................................117
luaL_checkstring.......................................118
luaL_checktype ........................................118
luaL_checkudata.......................................118
luaL_checkversion .....................................118
luaL_dofile.................................
luaL_getmetafield......................................120
luaL_getmetatable .....................................121
luaL_getsubtable ......................................121
luaL_gsub .............................................121
luaL_len ...............................................122
luaL_loadbuffer ........................................122
luaL_loadbufferx.......................................122
luaL_loadfile ...........................................123
luaL_loadfilex..........................................123
luaL_loadstring ........................................123
luaL_newlib............................................124
luaL_newlibtable.......................................124
luaL_newmetatable ....................................124
luaL_newstate .........................................125
luaL_openlibs ..........................................125
luaL_optinteger ........................................125
luaL_optlstring.........................................126
luaL_optnumber .......................................126
luaL_optstring .........................................126
luaL_prepbuffer........................................127
luaL_prepbuffsize ......................................127
luaL_pushresult........................................127
luaL_pushresultsize....................................127
luaL_ref ...............................................128
luaL_Reg ..............................................128
luaL_requiref ..........................................128
luaL_setfuncs ..........................................129
luaL_setmetatable .....................................129
luaL_Stream...........................................129
luaL_testudata.........................................130
luaL_tolstring ..........................................130
luaL_traceback ........................................131
luaL_typename ........................................131
luaL_unref .............................................131
luaL_where ............................................131
6 – 标准库.....................................................132
6.1 – 基础函数.............................................133
assert (v [, message]) .................................133
collectgarbage ([opt [, arg]]) ..........................133
dofile ([filename]) .....................................134
error (message [, level])...............................134
_G.....................................................135
getmetatable (object) .................................135
ipairs (t) ...............................................135
load (chunk [, chunkname [, mode [, env]]]) ..........135
loadfile ([filename [, mode [, env]]]) ..................136
next (table [, index]) ..................................136
pairs (t) ...............................................137
pcall (f [, arg1, ···])....................................137
print (···) ..............................................137
rawequal (v1, v2)......................................137
rawget (table, index) ..................................138
rawlen (v) .............................................138
rawset (table, index, value)............................138
select (index, ···) ......................................138
setmetatable (table, metatable) .......................138
tonumber (e [, base]) .................................139
tostring (v) ............................................139
type (v) ...............................................139
_VERSION .............................................139
xpcall (f, msgh [, arg1, ···]) ...........................140
6.2 – 协程管理.............................................140
coroutine.create (f) ....................................140
coroutine.isyieldable () ................................140
coroutine.resume (co [, val1, ···]) .....................140
coroutine.running () ...................................141
coroutine.status (co)...................................141
coroutine.wrap (f) .....................................141
coroutine.yield (···) ....................................141
6.3 – 模块.................................................142
require (modname) ....................................142
package.config ........................................143
package.cpath .........................................143
package.loaded ........................................143
package.loadlib (libname, funcname) ..................143
package.path ..........................................144
package.preload .......................................144
package.searchers .....................................144
package.searchpath (name, path [, sep [, rep]]).......146
6.4 – 字符串处理...........................................146
string.byte (s [, i [, j]]) ................................147
string.char (···) ........................................147
string.dump (function [, strip]) ........................147
string.find (s, pattern [, init [, plain]]) .................148
string.format (formatstring, ···) ........................148
string.gmatch (s, pattern) .............................148
string.gsub (s, pattern, repl [, n]) .....................149
string.len (s) ..........................................150
string.lower (s) ........................................151
string.match (s, pattern [, init]) .......................151
string.pack (fmt, v1, v2, ···) ...........................151
string.packsize (fmt)...................................151
string.rep (s, n [, sep]) ................................151
string.reverse (s) ......................................151
string.sub (s, i [, j]) ...................................152
string.unpack (fmt, s [, pos]) ..........................152
string.upper (s)........................................152
6.4.1 – 匹配模式.......................................152
6.4.2 – 打包和解包用到的格式串.........................155
6.5 – UTF-8 支持...........................................156
utf8.char (···)..........................................157
utf8.charpattern .......................................157
utf8.codes (s) .........................................157
utf8.codepoint (s [, i [, j]]) ............................157
utf8.len (s [, i [, j]]) ...................................157
utf8.offset (s, n [, i]) ..................................158
6.6 – 表处理...............................................158
table.concat (list [, sep [, i [, j]]]) .....................158
table.insert (list, [pos,] value) .........................158
table.move (a1, f, e, t [,a2])...........................159
table.pack (···) ........................................159
table.remove (list [, pos]) .............................159
table.sort (list [, comp]) ...............................159
table.unpack (list [, i [, j]]) ............................160
6.7 – 数学函数.............................................160
math.abs (x) ..........................................160
math.acos (x) .........................................160
math.asin (x) ..........................................161
math.atan (y [, x]) ....................................161
math.ceil (x)...........................................161
math.cos (x)...........................................161
math.deg (x) ..........................................161
math.exp (x) ..........................................161
math.floor (x) .........................................161
math.fmod (x, y) ......................................162
math.huge.............................................162
math.log (x [, base]) ..................................162
math.max (x, ···) ......................................162
math.maxinteger ......................................162
math.min (x, ···).......................................162
math.mininteger.......................................162
math.modf (x) .........................................163
math.pi ................................................163
math.rad (x)...........................................163
math.random ([m [, n]]) ..............................163
math.randomseed (x) .................................163
math.sin (x) ...........................................163
math.sqrt (x) ..........................................164
math.tan (x)...........................................164
math.tointeger (x) .....................................164
math.type (x) .........................................164
math.ult (m, n) ........................................164
6.8 – 输入输出设施.........................................164
io.close ([file]).........................................165
io.flush ()..............................................165
io.input ([file]).........................................165
io.lines ([filename ···]).................................165
io.open (filename [, mode]) ...........................166
io.output ([file]) .......................................166
io.popen (prog [, mode]) ..............................167
io.read (···) ............................................167
io.tmpfile ()............................................167
io.type (obj) ...........................................167
io.write (···) ...........................................167
file:close () ............................................167
file:flush () ............................................168
file:lines (···) ..........................................168
file:read (···) ..........................................168
file:seek ([whence [, offset]]) .........................169
file:setvbuf (mode [, size]) ............................170
file:write (···) ..........................................170
6.9 – 操作系统设施.........................................170
os.clock () .............................................170
os.date ([format [, time]]).............................170
os.difftime (t2, t1) .....................................171
os.execute ([command]) ..............................171
os.exit ([code [, close]]) ...............................172
os.getenv (varname) ..................................172
os.remove (filename) ..................................172
os.rename (oldname, newname).......................172
os.setlocale (locale [, category]) .......................172
os.time ([table]) .......................................173
os.tmpname () ........................................173
6.10 – 调试库..............................................174
debug.debug () ........................................174
debug.gethook ([thread])..............................174
debug.getinfo ([thread,] f [, what]) ....................174
debug.getlocal ([thread,] f, local) ......................175
debug.getmetatable (value) ...........................175
debug.getregistry () ...................................176
debug.getupvalue (f, up) ..............................176
debug.getuservalue (u) ................................176
debug.sethook ([thread,] hook, mask [, count]) .......176
debug.setlocal ([thread,] level, local, value) ...........177
debug.setmetatable (value, table) .....................177
debug.setupvalue (f, up, value)........................177
debug.setuservalue (udata, value) .....................177
debug.traceback ([thread,] [message [, level]]) .......178
debug.upvalueid (f, n) .................................178
debug.upvaluejoin (f1, n1, f2, n2) .....................178
7 – 独立版 Lua.................................................178
8 – 与之前版本不兼容的地方.....................................181
8.1 – 语言的变更...........................................181
8.2 – 库的变更.............................................182
8.3 – API 的变更...........................................182
9 – Lua 的完整语法.............................................183