Bash Reference Manual参考手册

【实例截图】

【核心代码】

Table of Contents
1 Introduction ..................................... 1
1.1 What is Bash?.................................................. 1
1.2 What is a shell? ................................................ 1
2 Definitions ....................................... 3
3 Basic Shell Features............................. 5
3.1 Shell Syntax.................................................... 5
3.1.1 Shell Operation............................................ 5
3.1.2 Quoting ................................................... 6
3.1.2.1 Escape Character ..................................... 6
3.1.2.2 Single Quotes......................................... 6
3.1.2.3 Double Quotes........................................ 6
3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting...................................... 6
3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation............................ 7
3.1.3 Comments................................................. 7
3.2 Shell Commands................................................ 8
3.2.1 Reserved Words ........................................... 8
3.2.2 Simple Commands......................................... 8
3.2.3 Pipelines .................................................. 8
3.2.4 Lists of Commands ........................................ 9
3.2.5 Compound Commands.................................... 10
3.2.5.1 Looping Constructs.................................. 10
3.2.5.2 Conditional Constructs .............................. 11
3.2.5.3 Grouping Commands ................................ 15
3.2.6 Coprocesses .............................................. 15
3.2.7 GNU Parallel............................................. 16
3.3 Shell Functions................................................ 18
3.4 Shell Parameters .............................................. 20
3.4.1 Positional Parameters..................................... 21
3.4.2 Special Parameters ....................................... 21
3.5 Shell Expansions .............................................. 22
3.5.1 Brace Expansion.......................................... 23
3.5.2 Tilde Expansion.......................................... 24
3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion ............................... 25
3.5.4 Command Substitution ................................... 31
3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion .................................... 31
3.5.6 Process Substitution...................................... 32
3.5.7 Word Splitting ........................................... 32
3.5.8 Filename Expansion ...................................... 33
3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching.................................... 33
3.5.9 Quote Removal........................................... 35
ii
3.6 Redirections................................................... 35
3.6.1 Redirecting Input......................................... 36
3.6.2 Redirecting Output....................................... 36
3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output ............................ 36
3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error......... 37
3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error ......... 37
3.6.6 Here Documents.......................................... 37
3.6.7 Here Strings.............................................. 38
3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors .............................. 38
3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors .................................. 38
3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing ....... 38
3.7 Executing Commands ......................................... 39
3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion.............................. 39
3.7.2 Command Search and Execution.......................... 39
3.7.3 Command Execution Environment........................ 40
3.7.4 Environment ............................................. 41
3.7.5 Exit Status............................................... 41
3.7.6 Signals ................................................... 42
3.8 Shell Scripts................................................... 42
4 Shell Builtin Commands....................... 44
4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins.......................................... 44
4.2 Bash Builtin Commands....................................... 51
4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior...................................... 62
4.3.1 The Set Builtin........................................... 62
4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin ........................................ 66
4.4 Special Builtins................................................ 72
5 Shell Variables.................................. 74
5.1 Bourne Shell Variables......................................... 74
5.2 Bash Variables ................................................ 74
6 Bash Features .................................. 87
6.1 Invoking Bash................................................. 87
6.2 Bash Startup Files ............................................ 89
6.3 Interactive Shells .............................................. 90
6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell? ............................. 91
6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive? .................................. 91
6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior................................. 91
6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions.................................. 92
6.5 Shell Arithmetic............................................... 94
6.6 Aliases ........................................................ 95
6.7 Arrays ........................................................ 96
6.8 The Directory Stack........................................... 98
6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins .................................. 98
6.9 Controlling the Prompt........................................ 99
6.10 The Restricted Shell......................................... 101
iii
6.11 Bash POSIX Mode.......................................... 102
6.12 Shell Compatibility Mode ................................... 105
7 Job Control ................................... 108
7.1 Job Control Basics ........................................... 108
7.2 Job Control Builtins.......................................... 109
7.3 Job Control Variables ........................................ 111
8 Command Line Editing....................... 112
8.1 Introduction to Line Editing.................................. 112
8.2 Readline Interaction.......................................... 112
8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials................................. 113
8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands.......................... 113
8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands ............................. 114
8.2.4 Readline Arguments..................................... 114
8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History.................. 114
8.3 Readline Init File............................................. 115
8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax ................................ 115
8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs.............................. 123
8.3.3 Sample Init File ......................................... 125
8.4 Bindable Readline Commands ................................ 128
8.4.1 Commands For Moving.................................. 128
8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History ............... 129
8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text........................... 131
8.4.4 Killing And Yanking..................................... 132
8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments .......................... 133
8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You .......................... 134
8.4.7 Keyboard Macros........................................ 135
8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands.......................... 136
8.5 Readline vi Mode ............................................ 138
8.6 Programmable Completion ................................... 138
8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins........................... 140
8.8 A Programmable Completion Example........................ 144
9 Using History Interactively .................. 147
9.1 Bash History Facilities........................................ 147
9.2 Bash History Builtins ........................................ 147
9.3 History Expansion............................................ 149
9.3.1 Event Designators....................................... 150
9.3.2 Word Designators ....................................... 151
9.3.3 Modifiers................................................ 151
iv
10 Installing Bash............................... 153
10.1 Basic Installation............................................ 153
10.2 Compilers and Options...................................... 154
10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures........................ 154
10.4 Installation Names .......................................... 154
10.5 Specifying the System Type ................................. 155
10.6 Sharing Defaults ............................................ 155
10.7 Operation Controls.......................................... 155
10.8 Optional Features........................................... 156
Appendix A Reporting Bugs................... 161
Appendix B Major Differences From
The Bourne Shell .............................. 162
B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell .......... 166
Appendix C GNU Free Documentation License .. 168
Appendix D Indexes ............................ 176
D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands ............................ 176
D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words ............................... 177
D.3 Parameter and Variable Index ............................... 178
D.4 Function Index .............................................. 180
D.5 Concept Index............................................... 182