togaf9.2.pdf

【实例截图】

【核心代码】

TOGAF9.2
Frontmatter............................................................................................................................... 10
Preface.............................................................................................................................................10
About The Open Group...........................................................................................................11
Trademarks....................................................................................................................................12
Participants ...................................................................................................................................13
Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................14
Referenced Documents ..........................................................................................................14
Part I: Introduction........................................................................................................................... 18
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 18
1.1 Structure of this Document...........................................................................................19
1.2 Structure of the TOGAF Library .................................................................................20
1.3 Executive Overview...........................................................................................................21
1.4 Information on Using the TOGAF Standard.........................................................24
1.5 Why Join The Open Group?.........................................................................................25
2. Core Concepts .................................................................................................................... 26
2.1 What is the TOGAF Standard?....................................................................................27
2.2 What is Architecture in the Context of the TOGAF Standard?..................27
2.3 What Kind of Architecture Does the TOGAF Standard Deal With?.........27
2.4 Architecture Development Method...........................................................................28
2.5 Deliverables, Artifacts, and Building Blocks.......................................................29
2.6 Enterprise Continuum......................................................................................................31
2.7 Architecture Repository .................................................................................................32
2.8 Establishing and Maintaining an Enterprise Architecture Capability....34
2.9 Establishing the Architecture Capability as an Operational Entity.........34
2.10 Using the TOGAF Standard with Other Frameworks ...................................36
3. Definitions ............................................................................................................................ 37
3.1 Abstraction ............................................................................................................................37
3.2 Actor..........................................................................................................................................38
3.3 Application Architecture ................................................................................................38
3.4 Application Component..................................................................................................38
3.5 Application Platform.........................................................................................................38
3.6 Architectural Style .............................................................................................................38
3.7 Architecture...........................................................................................................................39
3.8 Architecture Building Block (ABB)...........................................................................39
3.9 Architecture Continuum .................................................................................................39
3.10 Architecture Development Method (ADM)..........................................................39
3.11 Architecture Domain......................................................................................................39
3.12 Architecture Framework ..............................................................................................39
3.13 Architecture Governance ............................................................................................39
3.14 Architecture Landscape...............................................................................................40
3.15 Architecture Model..........................................................................................................40
3.16 Architecture Principle....................................................................................................40
3.17 Architecture View ............................................................................................................40
3.18 Architecture Viewpoint.................................................................................................40
3.19 Architecture Vision.........................................................................................................41
3.20 Artifact...................................................................................................................................41
3.21 Baseline ................................................................................................................................41
3.22 Boundaryless Information Flow™ ...........................................................................41
3.23 Building Block...................................................................................................................41
3.24 Business Architecture...................................................................................................42
3.25 Business Capability........................................................................................................42
3.26 Business Function..........................................................................................................42
3.27 Business Governance...................................................................................................42
3.28 Business Model ................................................................................................................42
3.29 Business Service .............................................................................................................42
3.30 Capability .............................................................................................................................43
3.31 Capability Architecture.................................................................................................43
3.32 Capability Increment......................................................................................................43
3.33 Communications and Stakeholder Management............................................43
3.34 Concern.................................................................................................................................43
3.35 Course of Action ..............................................................................................................43
3.36 Data Architecture.............................................................................................................43
3.37 Deliverable...........................................................................................................................44
3.38 Enterprise.............................................................................................................................44
3.39 Enterprise Continuum...................................................................................................44
3.40 Foundation Architecture..............................................................................................44
3.41 Framework...........................................................................................................................44
3.42 Gap ..........................................................................................................................................44
3.43 Governance.........................................................................................................................45
3.44 Information..........................................................................................................................45
3.45 Information System Service.......................................................................................45
3.46 Information Technology (IT).......................................................................................45
3.47 Interoperability..................................................................................................................46
3.48 Logical ...................................................................................................................................46
3.49 Metadata ...............................................................................................................................46
3.50 Metamodel ...........................................................................................................................46
3.51 Method...................................................................................................................................46
3.52 Modeling...............................................................................................................................46
3.53 Model Kind...........................................................................................................................46
3.54 Objective...............................................................................................................................46
3.55 Organization Map.............................................................................................................47
3.56 Pattern....................................................................................................................................47
3.57 Physical.................................................................................................................................47
3.58 Principle................................................................................................................................47
3.59 Reference Model (RM)...................................................................................................47
3.60 Repository ...........................................................................................................................47
3.61 Requirement.......................................................................................................................48
3.62 Roadmap ..............................................................................................................................48
3.63 Role .........................................................................................................................................48
3.64 Segment Architecture....................................................................................................48
3.65 Service...................................................................................................................................48
3.66 Service Orientation.........................................................................................................49
3.67 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)....................................................................49
3.68 Service Portfolio...............................................................................................................49
3.69 Solution Architecture.....................................................................................................49
3.70 Solution Building Block (SBB) .................................................................................49
3.71 Solutions Continuum.....................................................................................................49
3.72 Stakeholder.........................................................................................................................50
3.73 Standards Information Base (SIB)..........................................................................50
3.74 Strategic Architecture ...................................................................................................50
3.75 Target Architecture.........................................................................................................50
3.76 Taxonomy of Architecture Views............................................................................50
3.77 Technology Architecture.............................................................................................50
3.78 Technology Component...............................................................................................50
3.79 Technology Service........................................................................................................51
3.80 Transition Architecture.................................................................................................51
3.81 Value Stream......................................................................................................................51
3.82 View.........................................................................................................................................51
3.83 Viewpoint..............................................................................................................................51
3.84 Viewpoint Library.............................................................................................................51
3.85 Work Package....................................................................................................................51
Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM).................................................................. 52
4. Introduction to Part II........................................................................................................ 52
4.1 ADM Overview......................................................................................................................52
4.2 Architecture Development Cycle...............................................................................54
4.3 Adapting the ADM..............................................................................................................58
4.4 Architecture Governance...............................................................................................59
4.5 Scoping the Architecture ...............................................................................................60
4.6 Architecture Integration..................................................................................................64
4.7 Summary.................................................................................................................................65
5. Preliminary Phase.............................................................................................................. 66
5.1 Objectives...............................................................................................................................67
5.2 Inputs........................................................................................................................................68
5.3 Steps .........................................................................................................................................69
5.4 Outputs ....................................................................................................................................72
5.5 Approach ................................................................................................................................73
6. Phase A: Architecture Vision......................................................................................... 79
6.1 Objectives...............................................................................................................................80
6.2 Inputs........................................................................................................................................81
6.3 Steps .........................................................................................................................................81
6.4 Outputs ....................................................................................................................................88
6.5 Approach ................................................................................................................................89
7. Phase B: Business Architecture................................................................................... 92
7.1 Objectives...............................................................................................................................93
7.2 Inputs........................................................................................................................................94
7.3 Steps .........................................................................................................................................95
7.4 Outputs ..................................................................................................................................102
7.5 Approach ..............................................................................................................................104
8. Phase C: Information Systems Architectures........................................................111
8.1 Objectives.............................................................................................................................112
8.2 Approach ..............................................................................................................................113
9. Phase C: Information Systems Architectures - Data Architecture.................113
9.1 Objectives.............................................................................................................................114
9.2 Inputs......................................................................................................................................114
9.3 Steps .......................................................................................................................................115
9.4 Outputs ..................................................................................................................................122
9.5 Approach ..............................................................................................................................123
10. Phase C: Information Systems Architectures - Application Architecture .125
10.1 Objectives..........................................................................................................................125
10.2 Inputs....................................................................................................................................125
10.3 Steps.....................................................................................................................................126
10.4 Outputs................................................................................................................................133
10.5 Approach............................................................................................................................134
11. Phase D: Technology Architecture .........................................................................135
11.1 Objectives..........................................................................................................................136
11.2 Inputs....................................................................................................................................137
11.3 Steps.....................................................................................................................................138
11.4 Outputs................................................................................................................................145
11.5 Approach............................................................................................................................147
12. Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions .......................................................................148
12.1 Objectives..........................................................................................................................149
12.2 Inputs....................................................................................................................................150
12.3 Steps.....................................................................................................................................151
12.4 Outputs................................................................................................................................156
12.5 Approach............................................................................................................................157
13. Phase F: Migration Planning......................................................................................158
13.1 Objectives..........................................................................................................................159
13.2 Inputs....................................................................................................................................160
13.3 Steps.....................................................................................................................................161
13.4 Outputs................................................................................................................................166
13.5 Approach............................................................................................................................166
14. Phase G: Implementation Governance ..................................................................167
14.1 Objectives..........................................................................................................................168
14.2 Inputs....................................................................................................................................169
14.3 Steps.....................................................................................................................................170
14.4 Outputs................................................................................................................................172
14.5 Approach............................................................................................................................173
15. Phase H: Architecture Change Management.......................................................174
15.1 Objectives..........................................................................................................................175
15.2 Inputs....................................................................................................................................176
15.3 Steps.....................................................................................................................................177
15.4 Outputs................................................................................................................................178
15.5 Approach............................................................................................................................179
16. ADM Architecture Requirements Management...................................................184
16.1 Objectives..........................................................................................................................185
16.2 Inputs....................................................................................................................................186
16.3 Steps.....................................................................................................................................186
16.4 Outputs................................................................................................................................189
16.5 Approach............................................................................................................................189
Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques.................................................................................191
17. Introduction to Part III ..................................................................................................191
17.1 Guidelines for Adapting the ADM Process......................................................192
17.2 Techniques for Architecture Development......................................................192
17.3 Using the TOGAF Framework with Different Architectural Styles......193
18. Applying Iteration to the ADM...................................................................................195
18.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................195
18.2 Iteration Cycles...............................................................................................................196
18.3 Classes of Architecture Engagement.................................................................198
18.4 Approaches to Architecture Development.......................................................202
18.5 Iteration Considerations ............................................................................................202
18.6 Conclusions......................................................................................................................208
19. Applying the ADM Across the Architecture Landscape ..................................209
19.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................209
19.2 Architecture Landscape.............................................................................................209
19.3 Organizing the Architecture Landscape to Understand the State of the
Enterprise.....................................................................................................................................211
19.4 Developing Architectures at Different Levels ................................................212
20. Architecture Principles................................................................................................213
20.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................213
20.2 Characteristics of Architecture Principles.......................................................214
20.3 Components of Architecture Principles............................................................214
20.4 Developing Architecture Principles.....................................................................215
20.5 Applying Architecture Principles..........................................................................216
20.6 Example Set of Architecture Principles.............................................................217
21. Stakeholder Management...........................................................................................231
21.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................231
21.2 Approach to Stakeholder Management.............................................................232
21.3 Steps in the Stakeholder Management Process...........................................233
21.4 Template Stakeholder Map.......................................................................................236
22. Architecture Patterns ...................................................................................................249
22.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................249
22.2 Some Pattern Resources...........................................................................................253
23. Gap Analysis ...................................................................................................................254
23.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................254
23.2 Suggested Steps............................................................................................................255
23.3 Example ..............................................................................................................................255
24. Migration Planning Techniques................................................................................257
24.1 Implementation Factor Assessment & Deduction Matrix ........................257
24.2 Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, & Dependencies Matrix...........................258
24.3 Architecture Definition Increments Table.........................................................258
24.4 Transition Architecture State Evolution Table...............................................259
24.5 Business Value Assessment Technique...........................................................260
25. Interoperability Requirements ..................................................................................261
25.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................261
25.2 Defining Interoperability ............................................................................................262
25.3 Enterprise Operating Model.....................................................................................263
25.4 Refining Interoperability ............................................................................................264
25.5 Determining Interoperability Requirements....................................................265
25.6 Reconciling Interoperability Requirements with Potential Solutions267
26. Business Transformation Readiness Assessment............................................268
26.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................268
26.2 Determine Readiness Factors.................................................................................269
26.3 Present Readiness Factors ......................................................................................272
26.4 Assess Readiness Factors.......................................................................................273
26.5 Readiness and Migration Planning......................................................................275
26.6 Marketing the Implementation Plan.....................................................................276
26.7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................276
27. Risk Management..........................................................................................................277
27.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................277
27.2 Risk Classification ........................................................................................................278
27.3 Risk Identification..........................................................................................................278
27.4 Initial Risk Assessment..............................................................................................279
27.5 Risk Mitigation and Residual Risk Assessment...........................................280
27.6 Conduct Residual Risk Assessment...................................................................280
27.7 Risk Monitoring and Governance (Phase G) ..................................................281
27.8 Summary ............................................................................................................................281
28. Capability-Based Planning.........................................................................................282
28.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................282
28.2 Capability-Based Planning Paradigm ......................................................................283
28.3 Concept of Capability-Based Planning....................................................................283
28.4 Capabilities in an Enterprise Architecture Context .............................................286
28.5 Summary..............................................................................................................................287
Part IV: Architecture Content Framework ................................................................................288
29. Introduction to Part IV..................................................................................................288
29.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................288
29.2 Content Metamodel.......................................................................................................291
29.3 Content Framework and the TOGAF ADM .......................................................292
29.4 Structure of Part IV .......................................................................................................292
30. Content Metamodel.......................................................................................................292
30.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................292
30.2 Content Metamodel Vision and Concepts........................................................293
30.3 Content Metamodel in Detail ...................................................................................299
30.4 Content Metamodel Extensions.............................................................................302
30.5 Content Metamodel Entities.....................................................................................316
30.6 Content Metamodel Attributes................................................................................319
30.7 Metamodel Relationships..........................................................................................328
31. Architectural Artifacts..................................................................................................334
31.1 Basic Concepts...............................................................................................................334
31.2 Developing Architecture Views in the ADM ....................................................337
31.3 Views, Tools, and Languages.................................................................................339
31.4 Architecture Views and Architecture Viewpoints ........................................340
31.5 Conclusions......................................................................................................................342
31.6 Architectural Artifacts by ADM Phase................................................................342
32. Architecture Deliverables ...........................................................................................368
32.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................368
32.2 Deliverable Descriptions............................................................................................370
33. Building Blocks..............................................................................................................385
33.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................385
33.2 Introduction to Building Blocks.............................................................................385
33.3 Building Blocks and the ADM.................................................................................387
Part V: Enterprise Continuum and Tools ..................................................................................390
34. Introduction to Part V...................................................................................................390
34.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................390
34.2 Structure of Part V.........................................................................................................391
35. Enterprise Continuum..................................................................................................391
35.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................391
35.2 Enterprise Continuum and Architecture Re-Use..........................................392
35.3 Constituents of the Enterprise Continuum......................................................392
35.4 Enterprise Continuum in Detail..............................................................................394
35.5 The Enterprise Continuum and the ADM..........................................................400
35.6 The Enterprise Continuum and Your Organization.....................................401
36. Architecture Partitioning.............................................................................................403
36.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................403
36.2 Applying Classification to Create Partitioned Architectures.................404
36.3 Integration..........................................................................................................................407
37. Architecture Repository..............................................................................................409
37.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................409
37.2 Architecture Landscape.............................................................................................410
37.3 Reference Library ..........................................................................................................411
37.4 Standards Information Base....................................................................................412
37.5 Governance Log.............................................................................................................415
37.6 The Architecture Requirements Repository ...................................................416
37.7 Solutions Landscape...................................................................................................417
37.8 The Enterprise Repository........................................................................................417
37.9 External Repositories..................................................................................................418
38. Tools for Architecture Development.......................................................................418
38.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................418
38.2 Issues in Tool Standardization ....................................................................................419
Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework.............................................................................420
39. Introduction to Part VI..................................................................................................420
39.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................420
39.2 Structure of Part VI .......................................................................................................421
40. Establishing an Architecture Capability................................................................422
40.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................422
40.2 Phase A: Architecture Vision..................................................................................423
40.3 Phase B: Business Architecture............................................................................424
40.4 Phase C: Data Architecture......................................................................................425
40.5 Phase C: Application Architecture.......................................................................425
40.6 Phase D: Technology Architecture ......................................................................425
40.7 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions....................................................................425
40.8 Phase F: Migration Planning ...................................................................................426
40.9 Phase G: Implementation Governance ..............................................................426
40.10 Phase H: Architecture Change Management...............................................426
40.11 Requirements Management...................................................................................426
41. Architecture Board........................................................................................................426
41.1 Role .......................................................................................................................................427
41.2 Responsibilities..............................................................................................................427
41.3 Setting Up the Architecture Board.......................................................................428
41.4 Operation of the Architecture Board...................................................................430
42. Architecture Compliance ............................................................................................433
42.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................433
42.2 Terminology: The Meaning of Architecture Compliance .........................433
42.3 Architecture Compliance Reviews.......................................................................434
42.4 Architecture Compliance Review Process ......................................................438
42.5 Architecture Compliance Review Checklists .................................................440
42.6 Architecture Compliance Review Guidelines.................................................451
43. Architecture Contracts ................................................................................................452
43.1 Role .......................................................................................................................................452
43.2 Contents .............................................................................................................................454
43.3 Relationship to Architecture Governance........................................................456
44. Architecture Governance............................................................................................456
44.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................456
44.2 Architecture Governance Framework.................................................................461
44.3 Architecture Governance in Practice..................................................................466
45. Architecture Maturity Models....................................................................................467
45.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................468
45.2 Background.......................................................................................................................468
45.3 US DoC ACMM Framework.......................................................................................469
45.4 Capability Maturity Models Integration (CMMI) .............................................473
45.5 Conclusions......................................................................................................................474
46. Architecture Skills Framework..................................................................................474
46.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................475
46.2 Need for an Enterprise Architecture Skills Framework ............................475
46.3 Goals/Rationale...............................................................................................................476
46.4 Enterprise Architecture Role and Skill Categories......................................478
46.5 Enterprise Architecture Role and Skill Definitions......................................480
46.6 Generic Role and Skills of the Enterprise Architect...................................483
46.7 Conclusions......................................................................................................................488
Part VII: Appendices.......................................................................................................................489
A. Glossary of Supplementary Definitions ..................................................................489
A.1 Application Software .....................................................................................................489
A.2 Availability...........................................................................................................................489
A.3 Business System.............................................................................................................489
A.4 Catalog ..................................................................................................................................489
A.5 Client ......................................................................................................................................489
A.6 COBIT.....................................................................................................................................489
A.7 Configuration Management........................................................................................489
A.8 Contract................................................................................................................................490
A.9 Control...................................................................................................................................490
A.10 CxO.......................................................................................................................................490
A.11 Data Dictionary...............................................................................................................490
A.12 Data Element ...................................................................................................................490
A.13 Data Entity.........................................................................................................................490
A.14 Database............................................................................................................................490
A.15 Database Management System.............................................................................491
A.16 Driver...................................................................................................................................491
A.17 End User............................................................................................................................491
A.18 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System ...............................................491
A.19 Event....................................................................................................................................491
A.20 Functional Decomposition.......................................................................................491
A.21 Goal ......................................................................................................................................491
A.22 Guideline............................................................................................................................491
A.23 Hardware............................................................................................................................491
A.24 Information Domain.....................................................................................................492
A.25 Information System (IS).............................................................................................492
A.26 Interaction.........................................................................................................................492
A.27 Interaction Model ..........................................................................................................492
A.28 Interface .............................................................................................................................492
A.29 Key Performance Indicator (KPI)..........................................................................492
A.30 Lifecycle.............................................................................................................................492
A.31 Location .............................................................................................................................492
A.32 Logical Application Component...........................................................................492
A.33 Logical Data Component ..........................................................................................492
A.34 Logical Technology Component...........................................................................493
A.35 Managing Successful Programs (MSP) ............................................................493
A.36 Matrix...................................................................................................................................493
A.37 Measure..............................................................................................................................493
A.38 Metaview............................................................................................................................493
A.39 Open System...................................................................................................................493
A.40 Operational Governance...........................................................................................493
A.41 Packaged Services.......................................................................................................494
A.42 Physical Application Component.........................................................................494
A.43 Physical Data Component........................................................................................494
A.44 Physical Technology Component........................................................................494
A.45 Portability..........................................................................................................................494
A.46 Portfolio..............................................................................................................................494
A.47 PRINCE2.............................................................................................................................494
A.48 Process...............................................................................................................................495
A.49 Product...............................................................................................................................495
A.50 Profile ..................................................................................................................................495
A.51 Profiling..............................................................................................................................495
A.52 Program..............................................................................................................................495
A.53 Project.................................................................................................................................495
A.54 Risk Management .........................................................................................................495
A.55 Scalability..........................................................................................................................495
A.56 Security ..............................................................................................................................495
A.57 Server..................................................................................................................................496
A.58 Service Quality ...............................................................................................................496
A.59 SMART ................................................................................................................................496
A.60 Supplier Management.................................................................................................496
A.61 System ................................................................................................................................496
A.62 Time Period ......................................................................................................................496
A.63 Transaction.......................................................................................................................496
A.64 Use-Case............................................................................................................................496
A.65 User......................................................................................................................................496
B. Abbreviations....................................................................................................................497