linux命令手册.pdf

【核心代码】

目 录
1. linux系统管理命令 ......................................................................................................................1
adduser......................................................................................................................................1
chfn(change finger information) ...............................................................................................1
chsh(change shell).....................................................................................................................1
date............................................................................................................................................2
exit.............................................................................................................................................3
finger.........................................................................................................................................4
free ............................................................................................................................................5
fwhois........................................................................................................................................5
gitps(gnu interactive tools process status).................................................................................5
groupdel(group delete)..............................................................................................................6
groupmod(group modify)..........................................................................................................6
halt.............................................................................................................................................7
id ...............................................................................................................................................7
kill .............................................................................................................................................8
last.............................................................................................................................................8
lastb...........................................................................................................................................8
login ..........................................................................................................................................9
logname.....................................................................................................................................9
logout ........................................................................................................................................9
logrotate ....................................................................................................................................9
newgrp.....................................................................................................................................10
II
nice..........................................................................................................................................10
procinfo(process information).................................................................................................11
ps(process status) ....................................................................................................................11
pstree(process status tree) .......................................................................................................14
reboot ......................................................................................................................................15
renice.......................................................................................................................................15
rlogin(remote login)................................................................................................................16
rsh(remote shell) .....................................................................................................................16
rwho ........................................................................................................................................16
screen ......................................................................................................................................17
shutdown.................................................................................................................................17
sliplogin...................................................................................................................................18
su(super user)..........................................................................................................................18
sudo.........................................................................................................................................19
suspend....................................................................................................................................19
swatch(simple watcher)...........................................................................................................20
tload.........................................................................................................................................20
top ...........................................................................................................................................21
uname......................................................................................................................................21
useradd ....................................................................................................................................22
userconf...................................................................................................................................22
userdel.....................................................................................................................................23
usermod...................................................................................................................................23
vlock(virtual console lock)......................................................................................................24
w..............................................................................................................................................24
who..........................................................................................................................................25
whoami....................................................................................................................................25
whois.......................................................................................................................................25
2. linux系统设置命令 ....................................................................................................................27
alias.........................................................................................................................................27
III
apmd(advanced power management BIOS daemon)..............................................................27
aumix(audio mixer).................................................................................................................27
bind .........................................................................................................................................29
chkconfig(check config) .........................................................................................................29
chroot(change root).................................................................................................................30
clock........................................................................................................................................30
crontab.....................................................................................................................................31
declare .....................................................................................................................................31
depmod(depend module).........................................................................................................32
dircolors ..................................................................................................................................32
dmesg ......................................................................................................................................33
enable ......................................................................................................................................33
eval..........................................................................................................................................33
export ......................................................................................................................................33
fbset(frame buffer setup).........................................................................................................34
grpconv(group convert to shadow password) .........................................................................35
grpunconv(group unconvert from shadow password).............................................................35
hwclock(hardware clock)........................................................................................................35
insmod(install module) ...........................................................................................................36
kbdconfig ................................................................................................................................36
lilo(linux loader) .....................................................................................................................37
liloconfig.................................................................................................................................38
lsmod(list modules).................................................................................................................38
minfo.......................................................................................................................................38
mkkickstart..............................................................................................................................39
modinfo(module infomation)..................................................................................................39
modprobe(module probe)........................................................................................................39
mouseconfig............................................................................................................................40
ntsysv ......................................................................................................................................41
passwd(password)...................................................................................................................41
IV
pwconv....................................................................................................................................41
pwunconv................................................................................................................................42
rdate(receive date)...................................................................................................................42
resize .......................................................................................................................................42
rmmod(remove module) .........................................................................................................42
rpm(redhat package manager).................................................................................................43
set............................................................................................................................................46
setconsole................................................................................................................................47
setenv(set environment variable) ............................................................................................48
setup ........................................................................................................................................48
sndconfig.................................................................................................................................48
SVGAText Mode.....................................................................................................................49
timeconfig ...............................................................................................................................49
ulimit.......................................................................................................................................50
unalias.....................................................................................................................................50
unset ........................................................................................................................................51
3. linux文档编辑命令 ....................................................................................................................52
col............................................................................................................................................52
colrm(column remove)............................................................................................................52
comm(common)......................................................................................................................52
csplit(context split)..................................................................................................................53
ed(editor).................................................................................................................................53
egrep........................................................................................................................................54
ex.............................................................................................................................................54
fgrep(fixed regexp) .................................................................................................................54
fmt(fromat)..............................................................................................................................54
fold ..........................................................................................................................................55
grep .........................................................................................................................................55
ispell(interactive spelling checking) .......................................................................................57
jed............................................................................................................................................58
V
joe............................................................................................................................................58
join ..........................................................................................................................................60
look .........................................................................................................................................61
mtype.......................................................................................................................................61
pico..........................................................................................................................................62
rgrep(recursive grep)...............................................................................................................62
sed(stream editor)....................................................................................................................63
sort...........................................................................................................................................64
spell.........................................................................................................................................65
tr(translate character) ..............................................................................................................65
uniq .........................................................................................................................................65
wc(word count).......................................................................................................................66
4. linux压缩备份命令 ....................................................................................................................67
ar .............................................................................................................................................67
bunzip2....................................................................................................................................68
bzip2........................................................................................................................................68
bzip2recover............................................................................................................................69
compress .................................................................................................................................69
cpio(copy in/out).....................................................................................................................70
dump .......................................................................................................................................72
gunzip(gnu unzip)...................................................................................................................73
gzexe(gzip executable)............................................................................................................74
gzip(gnu zip)...........................................................................................................................74
lha............................................................................................................................................75
restore......................................................................................................................................76
tar(tape archive) ......................................................................................................................77
unarj ........................................................................................................................................80
unzip........................................................................................................................................81
zip............................................................................................................................................82
zipinfo .....................................................................................................................................83
VI
5.linux文件管理命令 .....................................................................................................................85
diff(differential).......................................................................................................................85
diffstat(differential status).......................................................................................................86
file ...........................................................................................................................................87
find ..........................................................................................................................................87
git(gnu interactive tools).........................................................................................................90
gitview(gnu interactie tools viewer)........................................................................................91
ln(link).....................................................................................................................................91
locate.......................................................................................................................................92
lsattr(list attribute)...................................................................................................................92
mattrib.....................................................................................................................................93
mc(midnight commander).......................................................................................................93
mcopy......................................................................................................................................94
mdel.........................................................................................................................................94
mktemp ...................................................................................................................................95
mmove.....................................................................................................................................95
mread.......................................................................................................................................95
mren ........................................................................................................................................96
mshowfat.................................................................................................................................96
mtools......................................................................................................................................96
mtoolstest ................................................................................................................................96
mv ...........................................................................................................................................97
od(octal dump)........................................................................................................................97
paste ........................................................................................................................................98
patch........................................................................................................................................99
rcp(remote copy)...................................................................................................................101
rhmask...................................................................................................................................101
rm(remove) ...........................................................................................................................101
slocate(secure locate)............................................................................................................102
split........................................................................................................................................102
VII
tee..........................................................................................................................................103
tmpwatch(temporary watch) .................................................................................................103
touch......................................................................................................................................103
umask ....................................................................................................................................104
whereis..................................................................................................................................104
which.....................................................................................................................................105
cat..........................................................................................................................................105
chattr(change attribute) .........................................................................................................106
chgrp(change group) .............................................................................................................106
chmod(change mode)............................................................................................................107
chown(change owner)...........................................................................................................108
cksum(check sum).................................................................................................................109
cmp(compare) .......................................................................................................................109
cp(copy) ................................................................................................................................110
cut.......................................................................................................................................... 111
indent..................................................................................................................................... 111
6.linux文件传输命令 ...................................................................................................................115
bye.........................................................................................................................................115
ftp(file transfer protocol).......................................................................................................115
ftpcount .................................................................................................................................115
ftpshut(ftp shutdown)............................................................................................................115
ftpwho ...................................................................................................................................116
ncftp(nc file transfer protocol) ..............................................................................................116
tftp(trivial file transfer protocol)...........................................................................................116
uucico....................................................................................................................................116
uucp.......................................................................................................................................117
uupick....................................................................................................................................118
uuto .......................................................................................................................................119
7. linux磁盘管理命令 ..................................................................................................................120
cd(change directory) .............................................................................................................120
VIII
df(disk free)...........................................................................................................................120
dirs.........................................................................................................................................121
du(disk usage).......................................................................................................................121
edquota(edit quota) ...............................................................................................................122
eject.......................................................................................................................................122
lndir(link directory)...............................................................................................................123
ls(list) ....................................................................................................................................123
mcd........................................................................................................................................125
mdeltree.................................................................................................................................125
mdu .......................................................................................................................................126
mkdir(make directories)........................................................................................................126
mlabel....................................................................................................................................126
mmd ......................................................................................................................................127
mmount .................................................................................................................................127
mrd ........................................................................................................................................127
mzip.......................................................................................................................................127
pwd(print working directory)................................................................................................128
quota......................................................................................................................................128
quotacheck ............................................................................................................................128
quotaoff.................................................................................................................................129
quotaon..................................................................................................................................129
repquota(report quota)...........................................................................................................130
rmdir(remove directory)........................................................................................................130
rmt(remote magnetic tape)....................................................................................................130
stat(status) .............................................................................................................................131
Tree .......................................................................................................................................131
umount ..................................................................................................................................132
8. linux磁盘维护命令 ..................................................................................................................133
badblocks ..............................................................................................................................133
cfdisk.....................................................................................................................................133
IX
dd ..........................................................................................................................................134
e2fsck(ext2 file system check)..............................................................................................134
ext2ed(ext2 file system editor)..............................................................................................136
fdisk.......................................................................................................................................137
fsck.ext2(file system check-second filesystem)....................................................................137
fsck(file system check)..........................................................................................................138
fsck.minix(file system check-minix filesystem) ...................................................................139
fsconf(file system configurator)............................................................................................139
hdparm(hard disk parameters)...............................................................................................139
losetup(loop setup)................................................................................................................141
mbadblocks...........................................................................................................................141
mformat.................................................................................................................................141
mkbootdisk(make boot disk).................................................................................................142
mkdosfs(make Dos file system)............................................................................................143
mke2fs(make ext2 file system) .............................................................................................143
mkfs.ext2...............................................................................................................................144
mkfs(make file system).........................................................................................................144
mkfs.minix ............................................................................................................................145
mkfs.msdos ...........................................................................................................................145
mkinitrd(make initial ramdisk images).................................................................................145
mkisofs(make iso file system)...............................................................................................145
mkswap .................................................................................................................................147
mpartition..............................................................................................................................148
sfdisk.....................................................................................................................................148
swapoff..................................................................................................................................149
swapon ..................................................................................................................................149
symlinks(symbolic links)......................................................................................................149
sync .......................................................................................................................................150
9. linux网络通讯命令 ..................................................................................................................151
dip .........................................................................................................................................151
X
getty(get teletypewriter)........................................................................................................151
mingetty ................................................................................................................................152
ppp-off...................................................................................................................................152
smbd(samba daemon) ...........................................................................................................152
telnet......................................................................................................................................153
uulog .....................................................................................................................................154
uustat.....................................................................................................................................154
uux.........................................................................................................................................155
cu(call up) .............................................................................................................................156
dnsconf(dns configurator).....................................................................................................157
efax........................................................................................................................................158
httpd(http daemon)................................................................................................................159
ifconfig..................................................................................................................................159
mesg ......................................................................................................................................160
minicom ................................................................................................................................161
nc...........................................................................................................................................161
netconf...................................................................................................................................162
netstat....................................................................................................................................162
ping .......................................................................................................................................163
pppstats(point to point protocol status).................................................................................164
samba ....................................................................................................................................164
setserial .................................................................................................................................165
shapecfg(shaper configuration).............................................................................................165
smbd(samba daemon) ...........................................................................................................166
statserial(status ofserial port) ................................................................................................166
talk.........................................................................................................................................166
Tcpdump................................................................................................................................167
testparm(test parameter)........................................................................................................168
traceroute...............................................................................................................................168
tty(teletypewriter)..................................................................................................................169
XI
uuname..................................................................................................................................169
wall(write all)........................................................................................................................170
write ......................................................................................................................................170
ytalk.......................................................................................................................................170
arpwatch(ARP watcher)........................................................................................................170
apachectl(Apache control interface) .....................................................................................171
smbclient(samba client) ........................................................................................................171
pppsetup ................................................................................................................................172
10. linux电子邮件与新闻组命令.................................................................................................173
archive...................................................................................................................................173
ctlinnd(control the internet news daemon)............................................................................173
elm.........................................................................................................................................173
getlist.....................................................................................................................................174
inncheck(inn check)..............................................................................................................174
mail .......................................................................................................................................175
mailconf ................................................................................................................................175
mailq(mail queue).................................................................................................................175
messages ...............................................................................................................................176
metamail................................................................................................................................176
mutt .......................................................................................................................................177
nntpget...................................................................................................................................178
pine........................................................................................................................................178
slrn.........................................................................................................................................180
11. linux其他命令.........................................................................................................................181
reconfig .................................................................................................................................181
startx(start X Window)..........................................................................................................181
xconfigurator.........................................................................................................................181
XF86Setup ............................................................................................................................182
xlsatoms ................................................................................................................................182
xlsclients ...............................................................................................................................183
XII
xlsfonts..................................................................................................................................183
yes.........................................................................................................................................184