Microelectronic Circuits, 7th edition.pdf

【实例简介】
CHAPTER 1 Signals and Amplifiers 4 CHAPTER 2 Operational Amplifiers 52 CHAPTER 3 Semiconductors 124 CHAPTER 4 Diodes 164 CHAPTER 5 MOS Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) 230 CHAPTER 6 Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) 350
THE OXFORD SERIES IN ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Adel s sedra Series editor Allen and Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, 3rd edition Bobrow, Elementary Linear Circuit Analysis, 2nd edition Bobrow, Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, 2nd edition Campbell, Fabrication Engineering at the Micro-and Nanoscale, 4th edition Chen, Digital Signal Processing Chen, Linear System Theory and Design, 4th edition Chen, Signals and Systems, 3rd edition Comer, Digital Logic and State Machine Design, 3rd edition Comer, Microprocessor-Based System Design Cooper and McGillem, Probabilistic Methods of Signal and System Analysis, 3rd edition Dimitrije, Principles of semiconductor Device, 2nd edition Dimitrije, Understanding Semiconductor Devices Fortney, Principles of Electronics: Analog digital franco. Electric Circuits Fundamentals Ghausi, Electronic Devices and Circuits: Discrete and Integrated Guru and hiziroglu, Electric Machinery and Transformers, 3rd edition Houts, Signal Analysis in Linear Systems Jones, Introduction to Optical Fiber Communication Systems Krein, Elements of Power Electronics Kuo, Digital Control Systems, 2nd edition Lathi, Linear Systems and Signals, 2nd edition Lathi and Ding, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 4th edition Lathi, Signal Processing and Linear Systems Martin, Digital Integrated Circuit design Miner, Lines and Electromagnetic Fields for engineers Parhami, Computer Architecture Parhami, Computer Arithmetic, 2nd edition Roberts and sedra. SPICE. 2nd edition Roberts, Taenzler, and burns, An Introduction to Mixed-Signal IC Test and Measurement 2ndedition Roulston, An Introduction to the Physics of semiconductor Devices Sadiku, Elements of electromagnetics, 6th edition Santina, Stubberud, and Hostetter, Digital Control System Design, 2nd edition Sarma, Introduction to Electrical engineerin Schaumann, Xiao, and Van Valkenburg, Design of Analog Filters, 3rd edition Schwarz and Oldham, Electrical Engineering: An Introduction, 2nd edition Sedra and smith, Microelectronic circuits. Zth edition Stefani, Shahian, Savant, and Hostetter, Design of Feedback Control Syslems, 4th edition TSividis/McAndrew, Operation and Modeling of the Mos Transistor, 3rd edition Van Valkenburg, Analog Filter Desigr Warner and grung, Semiconductor Device electronics Wolovich. Automatic Control Systems Yariv and Yeh, Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, 6th edition Zak, Systems and Control Sedra fm bm indd 9/30/20149:36:22PM SEVENTH EDITION Microelectronic Circuits Adel s, sedra University of Waterloo Kenneth C smith University of Toronto New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Sedra fm bm indd 3 9/30/20149:36:34PM Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Dclhi Shanghai Taipci Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Gree Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright C: 2015, 2010, 2004, 1998 by Oxford University Press 1991, 1987 Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc., 1982 CBS College Publishing For titles covered by Section 1 12 of the US Higher Education pportunilyaclpleasevisilwww.oup.com!us/heforthe latest information about pricing and alternate formats Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue. New York. NY 10016 http://www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recordin form or by any means, stored in a retrieval system. or transmitted in g, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sedra. Adel s. author Microelectronic circuiTs/ Adel S Sedra, Universily of Waterloo, Kenneth C. Smith University of Toronto. -Seventh edition. pages cm. (The Oxford series in electrical and computer engineering) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN9780-19933913-6 1. Electronic circuits. 2. Integrated circuits. I. Smith Kenneth C. (Kenneth Carless), author. II. Title. TK7867S392014 621 2014033965 Multisim and national instruments are trademarks of national Instruments. The sedra/smith Microelectronic Circuits, Seventh Edition book is a product of Oxford University Press, not National Instruments Corporation or any of its affiliated companies, and Oxford University press is solely responsi- ble for the Sedra/Smith book and its content. Neither Oxford University Press, the Sedra/Smith book, nor anly of the books and other goods and services offered by Oxford Universily Press are official publications of National Instruments Corporation or any of its affiliated companies, and they are not affiliated with endorsed by, or sponsored by National Instruments Corporation or any of its affiliated companics OrCad and PSpice are trademarks of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. The Sedra/Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Seventh Edition book is a product of Oxford University Press, not Cadence Design Systems, Inc or any of its affiliated companies, and Oxford University Press is solely responsible for the Sedra /Smith book and its content. Ncithcr Oxford University Press, the Scdra/Smith book, nor any of the books and other goods and services offered by Oxford University Press are official publications of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. or any of its affiliated companies, and they are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Cadence Design SysteImIs, Inc. or any of its affiliated companies Cover Photo: This 3D IC system demonstrates the concept of wireless power delivery and communication through multiple layers of CMOS chips. ' The communication circuits were demonstrated in an IBM 45 nm SOI CMOS process. This technology is designed to serve a multi-Gbis interconnect between cores spread ral IC layers for high-performance p Circuits Group at the Univcrsity of Michigan, and was edited by Muhammad Faisal, Foundcror egrated (Photo Credit: The picture is courtesy of Professor David Wentzloff. Director of the Wireless Int Movellus Circuits Incorporated. Prin ber:987654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-fr SedraFMBM. indd4 9/30/20149:36:34PM BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS Tables xvi Expand-Your-Perspective"Notes xvii Preface xix PARTI DEVICES AND BASIC CIRCUITS 2 1 Signals and Amplifiers 4 2 Operational Amplifiers 58 3 Semiconductors 134 4 Diodes 174 5 MOS Field-Effect Transistors(MOSFETs)246 6 Bipolar Junction Transistors( BJTs)304 7 Transistor Amplifiers 366 PART I INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT AMPLIFIERS 506 9 Differential and Multistage Amplifiers 592s 508 8 Building Blocks of Integrated-Circuit Amplifier 10 Frequency Response 696 11 Feedback 806 12 Output Stages and power amplifiers 920 13 Operational Amplifier Circuits 994 PART I DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 1086 14 CMOS Digital Logic Circuits 1088 15 Advanced Topics in Digital Integrated-Circuit Design 1166 16 Memory Circuits 1236 PART V FILTERS AND OSCILLATORS 1288 17 Filters and Tuned Amplifiers 1290 18 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits 1378 Appendices A-L Index IN-1 Sedra fm bm indd 9/30/20149:36:37PM CONTENTS Tables xvi 2 Operational Amplifiers 58 Expand- Your-Perspective" Introduction 59 Notes xvii 2. 1 The Ideal Op Amp 60 Preface xix 2.1. 1 The Op-Amp Terminals 60 2. 1.2 Function and characteristics PARTI DEVICES AND BASIC of the Ideal Op amp 61 2.1.3 Differential and Common-Mode CIRCUITS 2 Signals 63 2.2 The Inverting Configuration 64 1 Signals and Amplifiers 4 2. 2. 1 The Closed-Loop Gain 65 Introduction 5 2. 2.2 Effect of the Finite Open-Loop 1. I Signals 6 Gain 67 1.2 Frequency ST Spectrum of Signals 9 2.2.3 Input and Output Resistances 68 1. 3 Analog and Digital signals 12 2.2.4 An Important Application-The 1. 4 Amplifiers 15 Weighted Summer 71 1.4. 1 Signal Amplification 15 2. 3 The Noninverting Configuration 73 1.4.2 Amplifier Circuit Symbol 16 2.3. 1 The Closed-Loop Gain 73 1.4.3 Voltage gain 17 2.3.2 Effect of Finite Open-Loop 1. 4. 4 Power Gain and Current gain 17 Gain 75 1.4.5 Expressing Gain in Decibels 18 2.3.3 Input and output resistance 75 1.4.6 The Amplifier Power Supplies 18 2.3.4 The Voltage Follower 75 1.4.7 Amplifier Saturation 21 2.4 Difference Amplifiers 77 1.4.8 Symbol Convention 22 2.4.1 A Single-Op-Amp Difference 1.5 Circuit Models for Amplifiers 23 Amplifier 78 1.5. I Voltage Amplifiers 23 2.4.2 A Superior Circuit-The 1.5.2 Cascaded Amplifiers 25 Instrumentation Amplifier 82 1.5.3 Other Amplifier Types 28 2.5 Integrators and Differentiators 87 1.5.4 Relationships between the Four 2.5. 1 The Inverting Configuration with Amplifier Models 28 General Impedances 87 1.5.5 Determining R, and Ro 29 2.5.2 The Inverting Integrator 89 1.5.6 Unilateral Models 29 2.5.3 The Op-Amp Differentiator 94 1.6 Frequency Response of Amplifiers 33 2.6 DC Imperfections 96 1.6.1 Measuring the Amplifier 2.6.1 Offset Voltage 96 Frequency Response 33 2.6.2 Input Bias and Offset Currents 100 1.6.2 Amplifier Bandwidth 34 2.6.3 Effect of Vos and los on the operation 1.6.3 Evaluating the Frequency of the Inverting Integrator 103 Response of Amplifiers 34 2.7 Effect of Finite Open-Loop gain and 1. 6. 4 Single-Time-Constant Networks 35 Bandwidth on circuit performance 105 1. 6.5 Classification of Amplifiers Based on 2.7.1 Frequency Dependence of the Frequency response 41 Open-Loop Gain 105 ummarv 44 2.7.2 Frequency Response of Closed-Loop Problems 45 plifiers 107 Sedra fm bm indd b 9/30/20149:36:41PM Contents vil 2.8 Large-Signal Operation of Op Amps 110 4.3. 1 The Exponential Model 190 2.8.1 Output Voltage Saturation 110 4.3.2 Graphical Analysis Using the 2.8.2 Output Current Limits 110 Exponential Model 191 2.8.3 Slew Rate 112 4.3.3 Iterative Analysis Using the 2.8.4 Full-Power Bandwidth 114 Exponential Model 191 Summary 115 4.3.4 The Need for Rapid Analysis 192 Problems 116 4.3.5 The Constant-Voltage-Drop Model 193 4.3.6 The Ideal-Diode Model 194 3 Semiconductors 134 4.3.7 The small-signal model 195 Introduction 135 4.3.8 Use of the Diode forward drop in 3.1 Intrinsic Semiconductors 136 Voltage Regulation 200 3.2 Doped Semiconductors 139 4.4 Operation in the Reverse breakdown 3.3 Current Flow in Semiconductors 142 Region--Zener Diodes 202 3.3.1 Drift Current 142 4.4.1 Specifying and Modeling the Zener 3.3. 2 Diffusion Current 145 Diode 203 3.3.3 Relationship between D and u 148 4.4.2 USe of the Zener as a shunt 3.4 The pn Junction 148 Regulator 204 3.4.1 Physical Structure 149 4.4.3 Temperature Effects 200 3.4.2 Operation with Open-Circuit 4.4.4 A Final remark 207 Terminals 149 4. 5 Rectifier circuits 207 3.5 The pn Junction with an Applied 4.5.1 The half-Wave Rectifier 208 Voltage 155 4.5.2 The Full-Wave Rectifier 210 3.5. 1 Qualitative Description of Junction 4.5.3 The bridge Rectifier 212 Operation 155 45.4 The rectifier with a 3.5.2 The Current-Voltage Relationship of Filter Capacitor--The Peak the junction 158 Rectifier 213 3.5.3 Reverse breakdown 162 4.5.5 Precision half-Wave Rectifier The 3.6 Capacitive Effects in the pn Junction 164 Superdiode 219 3.6. 1 Depletion or Junction 4.6 Limiting and Clamping Circuits 221 Capacitance 164 4.6.1 Limiter Circuits 221 3.6.2 Diffusion Capacitance 166 4.6.2 The Clamped Capacitor or DC Summary 168 Restorer 224 Problems 171 4.6.3 The Voltage Doubler 226 4.7 Special Diode Types 227 4.7.1 The Schottky-Barrier Diode 4 Diodes 174 (SBD)227 47.2 Varactors 228 Introduction 175 4.7.3 Photodiodes 228 4.1 The ideal diode 176 4.7.4 Light-Emitting Diodes (Leds 228 4.1.1 Current-Voltage Characteristic 176 Summary 229 4.1.2 A Simple Application: The Problems 230 Rectifier 177 4. 1.3 Another Application: Diode logic Gates 180 5 MoS Field-Effect Transistors 4.2 Terminal characteristics of junction (MOSFETS) 246 Diodes 184 Introduction 247 4.2.1 The Forward-Bias Region 184 5.1 Device Structure and Physical 4.2.2 The Reverse-Bias Region 189 Operation 248 4.2.3 The Breakdown Region 190 5. 1. 1 Device structure 248 4.3 Modeling the Diode Forward 5.1.2 Operation with Zero gate Characteristic 190 Voltage 250 Sedra fm bm indd 7 9/30/20149:36:41PM 5.1.3 Creating a Channel for Current 6.2.3 Dependence of i on the Collector Flow 250 Voltage The early Effect 326 5.1.4 Applying a Small vps 252 6.2. 4 An Alternative Form of the common 5.1.5 Operation as Ups Is Increased 256 Emitter Characteristics 329 5.1.6 Operation for ups 2 Vov 6.3 BT Circuits at dc 333 hannel Pinch-Off and Current 6.4 Transistor Breakdow n and Temperature Saturation 258 Effects 351 5.1.7 The p-Channel MOSFET 261 6.4.1 Transistor Breakdown 351 5.1.8 Complementary MOs or 6.4.2 Dependence of on I and CMOS 263 Temperature 353 5.1.9 Operating the mos Transistor in the Summary 354 Subthreshold region 264 Problems 355 5.2 Current-Voltage Characteristics 264 5.2.1 Circuit Symbol 264 5.2.2 The ip-Ups Characteristics 265 7 Transistor Amplifiers 366 5.2.3 The ip-UGs Characteristic 267 Introduction 367 5.2. 4 Finite Output Resistance in 7.1 Basic Principles 368 Saturation 271 7.1.1 The Basis for Amplifier 5.2.5 Characteristics of the p-Channel Operation 368 MOSFET 274 7.1.2 Obtaining a Voltage Amplifier 369 5.3 MOSFET Circuits at Dc 276 7.1.3 The Voltage-Transfer Characteristic 5.4 The body Effect and Other Topics 288 VTC) 370 5.4.1 The Role of the Substrate-The Body 7.1.4 Obtaining Linear Amplification b Effect 288 Biasing the transistor 371 5.4.2 Temperature Effects 289 7. 1. 5 The Small-Signal Voltage Gain 374 5.4.3 Breakdown and Input 7.1.6 Determining the vtc by graphical Protection 289 Analysis 380 5.4.4 Velocity Saturation 290 7.1.7 Deciding on a Location for the bias 5.4.5 The Depletion-Type MOSFET 290 Point Q 381 Summary 291 7.2 Small-Signal Operation and Problems 292 Models 383 7.2.1 The mosfet Case 383 7.2.2 The bt case 399 6 Bipolar Junction Transistors 7.2.3 Summary tables 420 (BJTs) 304 7. 3 Basic Configurations 423 7. 3. 1 The Three Basic Configurations 423 Introduction 305 7.3.2 Characterizing Amplifiers 424 6. 1 Device Structure and Physical 7.3.3 The Common-Source(Cs Operation 306 and Common-Emitter(ce) 6. 1. 1 Simplified Structure and Modes of A amplifiers 426 Operation 306 7.3.4 The Common-Source(Common 6. 1.2 Operation of the npn Transistor in the Emitter) Amplifier with a Source Active mode 307 (Emitter) Resistance 431 6.1.3 Structure of actual transistors 315 7.3.5 The Common-Gate(CG 6. 1.4 Operation in the saturation and the common-Base(CB Mode 316 Amplifiers 439 6. 1.5 The pnp Transistor 318 7.3.6 The Source and Emitter 6.2 Current-Voltage Characteristics 320 Followers 442 6. 2. 1 Circuit Symbols and Conventions 320 7.3.7 Summary Tables and 6.2.2 Graphical Representation of Comparisons 452 Transistor Characteristics 325 Sedra fm bm indd 8 9/30/20149:36:41PM Contents Ix 7. 3. 8 When and how to Include the 8.4.3 The body Effect 542 Transistor Output Resistance ro 453 8. 4. 4 The cb circuit 543 7.4 Biasing 454 8.4.5 Output Resistance of an Emitter 7.4.1 The mosfet Case 455 Degenerated CE Amplifier 546 7.4.2 The bjT Case 461 8.5 The Cascode Amplifier 546 7.5 Discrete-Circuit Amplifiers 467 8.5.1 Cascoding 546 7.5.1 A Common-Source(Cs 8.5.2 The MOS Cascode Amplifier 547 Amplifier 467 8.5. 3 Distribution of Voltage gain in a 7.5.2 A Common-Emitter(CE) Cascode Amplifier 552 Amplifier 470 8.5.4 Double Cascading 555 7.5.3 A Common-Emitter Amplifier with 8.5.5 The folded cascode 555 2s an Emitter resistance R, 471 8.5.6 The bjt Cascode 557 5.4 A Common-Base(CB) 8.6 Current-Mirror Circuits with Improved Amplifier 473 Performance 559 7.5.5 An Emitter Follower 475 8.6. 1 Cascode mos mirrors 559 7.5.6 The Amplifier Frequency 8.6.2 The Wilson Current mirror 560 Response 477 8.6. 3 The Wilson mos mirror 563 Summary 479 8.6.4 The Widlar Current Souce 565 Problems 480 8. 7 Some useful transistor pairings 567 8.7.1 The cc-ce. cd-cs and cd-ce PART IL NTEGRATED-CIRCUIT Configurations 567 8.7.2 The Darling ton Configuration 571 AMPLIFIERS 506 8. 7.3 The cc-cb and cd-cg 8 Building blocks of Integrated- Configurations 572 Circuit Amplifiers 508 Summary 575 Problems 576 Introduction 509 8. 1 IC Design Philosophy 510 9 Differential and multistage 8.2 IC Biasing-Current Sources Current Mirrors, and Current-Steering Amplifiers 594 Circuits 511 Introduction 595 8. 2.1 The Basic mosfet current 9. 1 The Mos Differential Pair 596 Source 512 9.1. 1 Operation with a common-Mode 8.2.2 MOS Current-Steering Input Voltage Circuits 515 9. 1.2 Operation with a Differential Input 8.2.3 BJT Circuits 518 Voltage 601 8.2.4 Small-Signal Operation of 9.1.3 Large-Signal Operation 602 Mirrors 523 9.1.4 Small-Signal Operation 607 8. 3 The Basic Gain Cell 525 9. 1.5 The Differential Amplifier with 8.3. 1 The Cs and CE Amplifiers with Current-Source Loads 611 Current-source loads 525 9.1.6 Cascode differential 8.3.2 The intrinsic gain 527 Amplifier 612 8.3.3 Effect of the Output Resistance of the 9.2 The bjT Differential Pair 614 Current-Source Load 530 9.2.1 Basic Operation 614 8. 3. 4 Increasing the Gain of the basic 9.2.2 Input Common-Mode range 616 Cell 536 9.2.3 Large-Signal Operation 617 8.4 The common -gate and Common-Basc 9.2.4 Small-Signal operation 620 Amplifiers 537 9.3 Common-Mode rejection 627 8. 4. 1 The CG Circuit 537 9.3. 1 The Mos Case 628 8.4.2 Output Resistance of a CS amplifier 9.3.2 The BJT Case 634 with a source resistance 541 9.4 DC Offset 637 Sedra fm bm indd 9 9/30/20149:36:42PM 【实例截图】
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