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vehicle routing problems, methods, and applications, second edition, paolo toth
VEHICLE ROUTING Problems, methods and Applications Second edition Edited by Paolo Toth DE,∪ niversity of bologna Bologna, Italy Daniele vigo DEL, University of bologna Bologna, Italy SHI Mathematical Optimization society Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Mathematical Optimization Society Philadelphia Philadelphi Mo18 Toth VigoFM-10-20-14 indd 3 10/20/20149:46:06AM Copyright o 2014 by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics and the Mathematical Optimization society 10987654321 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any manner without the written permission of the publisher. For information, write to the Society for Industrial and applied mathematics, 3600 Market Street, 6th Floor, philadelphia, pa 19104-2688 USA Trademarked names may be used in this book without the inclusion of a trademark symbol. These names are used in an editorial context only; no infringement of trademark is intended Access and Excel are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries DISC and react are trademarks of mc2 limited Fleetboard is a trademark of pictorial. inc GeoRoute and glRO/Acces are trademarks of giro, Inc Google MapsTM mapping service, Google, and the Google logo are registered trademarks of google Inc used with permission IBM ILOG CPLEX is developed and supported by IBM, InC. IBM ILOG CPLEX is a registered trademark ofibmInc.www.ibmcom Intel Core is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds MapInfo, the Maplnfo logo, Map Basic, and MapInfo Professional are trademarks of Pitney bowes Maplnfo Corporation and/or its affiliates Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks and ODBC, Windows, Windows 95, and Windows Vista are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation NAVTEQ Traffic is a trademark of NAVTEQ Optrak is a trademark of Optrak Distribution Software, Ltd R2 Optimointi is a trademark of Procomp Solutions Oy SAP is a registered trademark of SAP ag in germany and in several other countries Smar Tour is a trademark of ptv ag Spider 5 is a trademark of Spider Solutions AS Tom Tom and the two hands" logo are registered trademarks of tom Tom N.V. or one of its subsidiaries Transl is a trademark ot GTS Systems and Consulting, GmbH UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open group in the united states and other countries Figure 14.1 reprinted with permission from the United Nations Development Programme igures 14.3 and 14 12 reprinted with permission from Elsevier Figures 14.6 and 14.9 reprinted with permission from John Wiley and Sons Figure 14.14 reprinted with permission from INFORMS Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vehicle routing problem Vehicle routing: problems, methods, and applications/ edited by paolo Toth, University of Bologna, bologna, Italy, Daniele Vigo, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. -Second edition pages cm-(MOS-SIAM series on optimization) Revision of: The vehicle routing problem. @2002 Includes bibliographical references and index SBN978-1-611973-58-7 1. Transportation problems(Programming) l. Toth, Paolo, editor. Il. Vigo, Daniele, editor. Ill. Title QA402.6V442014 388310285-dc23 2014029491 三 ILL is a registered trademark Mathematica Optimization Society is a registered trademark Mo18 Toth VigoFM-10-20-14 indd 4 10/20/20149:46:06AM List of contributors Claudia archetti Kjetil Fagerholt Dipartimento Metodi Quantitativi, Universita Department of Industrial Economics and di Brescia. Italy Technology Management, Norwegian archetti@eco units.it University of Science and Technology of TI sondheim, Tolga bektas jctil. tagcrholt@iotntnu.no Southampton management School, University of Southampton, UK, Michel gender t bektas@sotonac uk Dcpartmcnt of Mathcmatical and Industrial Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de montreal Olli brassy Quebec, canada VU University of amsterdam michelgendreau@polymtl ca The Netherlands .p brays vu.n Bruce L Golden Marielle christiansen Robert h. smith School of business University of maryland, MD, USA Department of Industrial Economics and bgoldenrhsmith.umd. edu Technology Management, Norwegian Univcrsity of Scicncc and Tcchnology o Trondheim, Norway Geir Hasle Inc@@iotntnu.no SINTEF ICT, Norway, ceir. hasle(sintet ne Jean-Francois Cordeau HEC Montreal, Quebec, Canada Manuel iori jean-francois cordeau@hec.ca Dipartimento di scienze e metod sita degli studi di G Modena e reggio emilia, Ital Department of Mathematical and Industrial manueliorI@unimore.It Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de montreal Quebec, canada, Stefan irnich guy desaulniers @polymtlca Chair of logistics Management, Gutenberg School of management and economics Karl F doerner Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Business Administration, erman University of vienna, austria irnich@uni-mainz de karl doerner(@univie.acat Ola jabali Richard Eglese Department of logistics and Operations Dcpartment of Managcmcnt Scicncc, Lancastcr Managcmcnt, HEC Montreal and CIRRElt, University Management School, UK, Quebec, Canada R. Eglese@lancaster. ac uk ola jabali@hec.ca List of contributors Attila a. Kovacs Frederic semet Department of Business Adi ministration Ecole Centrale de lille, villeneuve d'Asce University of vienna, Austria edex france attila. kovacs@univie.acat frederic semet@ec-lille fr Gilbert Laporte M. Grazia speranza HEC Montreal, Quebec, Canada Dipartimento di Economia e Management Universita degli Studi di Brescia, Italy gilbert. laporte@cirrelt. ca speranza@econibs.it Marcus Pogg Christos d. tarantilis Departamento de Informatica, Pontificia Dcpartmcnt of Managcmcnt Scicncc and Universidade Catolica de rio de janeiro, Brazil, Technology, Athens University of Economics poggi@inf. Puc-rio. br and Business, Greece tarantilQaueb Wa alter rel D de management et technologie, Paolo toth Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Quebec, Department of electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "G. marconi rei. walter(@uqam.ca Universita di Bologna, Italy, P Panagiotis P. Repoussis Eduardo ucha Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N, Departamento de engenharia de produgao USA Universidade federal fluminense. niteroi. rio panagiotis. repoussis@stevens. edu de janeiro, brazil uchoa@producao uff. br Stefan Ropke Department of management, Engineering Thibautⅴidal Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Laboratory for Information and Decision Lyngby, Denmark, Systems, Massachusetts Institute of ropke@dtu. dk Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, dalt@mit. edu Juan-Jose Salazar-Gonzalez Daniele vigo Departamento de Estadistica, Investigacion Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Operativa y Computacion, Universidad de la Information Engineering "G. Marconi Tenerife, S jjsalaza@ull.es Universita di Bologna, Italy, daniele vigo@unibo it Michael schneider Edward A. Wasil Logistikplanung und Informationssysteme Kogod School of Business, American Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Germany, University, Washington, DC, USA schneider(bwl. tu-darmstadt. de ewasil@american. edu Contents List of Figures List of table Preface to the Second edition Preface to the first edition 1 The Family of vehicle Routing Problems S. Irnich, P. Toth, D. Vigo Introduction The Capacitated Vehicle routing Problem The Family of vRp Bibliography 23 The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem 35 Classical Exact Algorithms for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem 37 F Semet, P. Toth, D. vigo 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Branch-and-Bound algorithms 38 3 earl Partite g Algorithms 2.4 B ranch-an nd -Cut Algorithms 2.5 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 53 Bibliography 53 New Exact Algorithms for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem M. Poggi, E. Ochoa 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Main Exact Approaches 3.3 Formulations 3.4 Valid Cuts 65 3.5 Pricing 3.6 Branching vs Route Enumeration 3.7 Dvcrvicw of Computational rcsults 77 3. 8 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 83 Bibli 1ograp y VIl Contents 4 Heuristics for the vehicle routing Problem G. Laporte, S. Ropke, T. Vidal Introduction 87 4.2 Constructive heuristics 4.3 Classical Improvement Heuristics 4.4 Metaheuristics 4.5 Hybridizations 94 4.6 Unified algorithms 97 4.7 Computational Comparison of Selected Metaheuristics 4.8 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 109 Bibliography II Important Variants of the Vehicle Routing Problem 117 G Desaulniers, O.B.G. Madsen, 3.opke e Windows The Vehicle routing Problem with Tin 119 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Mathematical formulations ,120 5.3 Exact Solution Methods 123 5.4 Heuristi 135 5.5E 149 5.6 Conclusions and Future research directions 151 Bibliography ,,,152 6 Pickup-and-Delivery Problems for Goods Transportation 161 M. Battarra,F-F Cordeau, M. Ic 161 6.2 Many-to-Many Problems 162 One-to-Many-to-One Problems 165 6.4 One-to-One Problem 5 Problems with Loading Constraints 6.6 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 180 Bibliography 7 Pickup-and-Delivery Problems for People Transportation 193 KED 7. 1 Introduction 193 7. 2 Dial-a-Ride Probl 7.3 Problem Formulation 7.4 Solution Mcthods for Dial-a-Ridc problems 199 7.5 Other Problems ce ng Pickup and de People 203 7. 6 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 207 Bibliography 207 8 Stochastic Vehicle Routing Problems 213 M. Gendreau, O Jabali, W. Rei 8.1 Introduction 213 8.2 A Priori optimization 215 8.3 The Reoptimization Model Contents X 8. 4 Probabilistic Formulation 226 8.5 Stochastic demands 228 8.6 Stochastic Customers 230 8.7 Stochastic Travel Times 8. 8 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 234 Bibliography 234 9 Four Variants of the Vehicle Routing problem 241 S. Irnich, M. Schneider, D. vigo 9.1 Lntroduction 241 9.2Ⅴ RP with backhauls 242 9.3 Heterogeneous or Mixed Fleet VRP 245 9.4 Periodic Routing proble g 249 9.5 VRP with split deliveries 255 9.6 Conclusions and Future Research Directions Bibliography 10 Vehicle routing problems with profts 273 C. Archetti, M.G. Speranza, D. vigo 10.1 Introductio 10.2 Single-Vehicle ci 10.3 Multiple-Vehicle ca 10.4 Conclusions and Future Research directions 289 Biblie 29 11 Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problems 299 T. Bektas, P P. Repoussis, C.D. Tarantilis 11.1 Introd 11.2 Definitions, objectives, and Overview of Problem variants ,302 11.3 Dynamic requests 11.4 Dynamic and Time-Dependent Travel Times 329 11.5 Dy namic Vehicle Availability .332 11. Performance Measurements and Evaluation of Solution Approaches 334 11.7 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 334 Bibliography 336 III Applications of the Vehicle Routing Problem 349 12 Software Tools and Emerging Technologies for vehicle Routing and Inter- modal Transportation 351 0. Brays, G. Hasle 12.1 Introducti 351 12.2 Basic Functionalities of Vehicle Routing Software ........ 353 12.3 Input and Output 355 12.4 Model Properties ,357 2.5 Algorithms 12.6 Implementation, Pcrformancc, and Price 364 12.7 VRP Technology Survey 12.8 New and Emerging Technologies 372 Contents 12.9 The Future of the vehicle routing business 374 2.10 Summary and Conclusions ,,,,,,,374 Bibliography 376 13 Ship Routing and Scheduling in Industrial and Tramp Shipping 381 M. Christiansen, K. Fagerbolt 13. 1 Introduction ,,,381 13. 2 Cargo Routing and scheduling 382 13.3 Maritime Inventory routing 393 13. 4 Dynamic and Stochastic Ship routing 401 13.5 Conclusions and future research directions Bibliography thy 403 14 Vehicle Routing Applications in Disaster Relief 4c9 B.L. Golden, A.A.K E. A. Wasil 14. 1 Introduction 409 14.2 Phases in disaster management 412 14.3 Performance Metrics in Disaster Operations ,,,417 14.4 Commercial VRPs vs. Disaster relief vrps ,,427 14.5 Conclusions and Future Research Directions Bibliography 431 15 Green Vehicle Routing 437 R. Eglese, T Bektas 15.1 Environmentally Sustainable Routing 437 15.2 Fuel Consumption and Emission Models for Road Transportation. 438 15.3 Minimizing Emissions in Vehicle routing 15.4 Speed Optimization on Fixed routes 450 15.5 Multicriteria analysis 451 15.6 Routing in Other Modes of Transport 51 15.7 Alternative Fuel-Powered Vehicles 15.8 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 452 Bibliography 453 Index 459 【实例截图】
【核心代码】
vehicle routing problems, methods, and applications, second edition, paolo toth
VEHICLE ROUTING Problems, methods and Applications Second edition Edited by Paolo Toth DE,∪ niversity of bologna Bologna, Italy Daniele vigo DEL, University of bologna Bologna, Italy SHI Mathematical Optimization society Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Mathematical Optimization Society Philadelphia Philadelphi Mo18 Toth VigoFM-10-20-14 indd 3 10/20/20149:46:06AM Copyright o 2014 by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics and the Mathematical Optimization society 10987654321 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any manner without the written permission of the publisher. For information, write to the Society for Industrial and applied mathematics, 3600 Market Street, 6th Floor, philadelphia, pa 19104-2688 USA Trademarked names may be used in this book without the inclusion of a trademark symbol. These names are used in an editorial context only; no infringement of trademark is intended Access and Excel are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries DISC and react are trademarks of mc2 limited Fleetboard is a trademark of pictorial. inc GeoRoute and glRO/Acces are trademarks of giro, Inc Google MapsTM mapping service, Google, and the Google logo are registered trademarks of google Inc used with permission IBM ILOG CPLEX is developed and supported by IBM, InC. IBM ILOG CPLEX is a registered trademark ofibmInc.www.ibmcom Intel Core is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds MapInfo, the Maplnfo logo, Map Basic, and MapInfo Professional are trademarks of Pitney bowes Maplnfo Corporation and/or its affiliates Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks and ODBC, Windows, Windows 95, and Windows Vista are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation NAVTEQ Traffic is a trademark of NAVTEQ Optrak is a trademark of Optrak Distribution Software, Ltd R2 Optimointi is a trademark of Procomp Solutions Oy SAP is a registered trademark of SAP ag in germany and in several other countries Smar Tour is a trademark of ptv ag Spider 5 is a trademark of Spider Solutions AS Tom Tom and the two hands" logo are registered trademarks of tom Tom N.V. or one of its subsidiaries Transl is a trademark ot GTS Systems and Consulting, GmbH UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open group in the united states and other countries Figure 14.1 reprinted with permission from the United Nations Development Programme igures 14.3 and 14 12 reprinted with permission from Elsevier Figures 14.6 and 14.9 reprinted with permission from John Wiley and Sons Figure 14.14 reprinted with permission from INFORMS Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vehicle routing problem Vehicle routing: problems, methods, and applications/ edited by paolo Toth, University of Bologna, bologna, Italy, Daniele Vigo, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. -Second edition pages cm-(MOS-SIAM series on optimization) Revision of: The vehicle routing problem. @2002 Includes bibliographical references and index SBN978-1-611973-58-7 1. Transportation problems(Programming) l. Toth, Paolo, editor. Il. Vigo, Daniele, editor. Ill. Title QA402.6V442014 388310285-dc23 2014029491 三 ILL is a registered trademark Mathematica Optimization Society is a registered trademark Mo18 Toth VigoFM-10-20-14 indd 4 10/20/20149:46:06AM List of contributors Claudia archetti Kjetil Fagerholt Dipartimento Metodi Quantitativi, Universita Department of Industrial Economics and di Brescia. Italy Technology Management, Norwegian archetti@eco units.it University of Science and Technology of TI sondheim, Tolga bektas jctil. tagcrholt@iotntnu.no Southampton management School, University of Southampton, UK, Michel gender t bektas@sotonac uk Dcpartmcnt of Mathcmatical and Industrial Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de montreal Olli brassy Quebec, canada VU University of amsterdam michelgendreau@polymtl ca The Netherlands .p brays vu.n Bruce L Golden Marielle christiansen Robert h. smith School of business University of maryland, MD, USA Department of Industrial Economics and bgoldenrhsmith.umd. edu Technology Management, Norwegian Univcrsity of Scicncc and Tcchnology o Trondheim, Norway Geir Hasle Inc@@iotntnu.no SINTEF ICT, Norway, ceir. hasle(sintet ne Jean-Francois Cordeau HEC Montreal, Quebec, Canada Manuel iori jean-francois cordeau@hec.ca Dipartimento di scienze e metod sita degli studi di G Modena e reggio emilia, Ital Department of Mathematical and Industrial manueliorI@unimore.It Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de montreal Quebec, canada, Stefan irnich guy desaulniers @polymtlca Chair of logistics Management, Gutenberg School of management and economics Karl F doerner Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Business Administration, erman University of vienna, austria irnich@uni-mainz de karl doerner(@univie.acat Ola jabali Richard Eglese Department of logistics and Operations Dcpartment of Managcmcnt Scicncc, Lancastcr Managcmcnt, HEC Montreal and CIRRElt, University Management School, UK, Quebec, Canada R. Eglese@lancaster. ac uk ola jabali@hec.ca List of contributors Attila a. Kovacs Frederic semet Department of Business Adi ministration Ecole Centrale de lille, villeneuve d'Asce University of vienna, Austria edex france attila. kovacs@univie.acat frederic semet@ec-lille fr Gilbert Laporte M. Grazia speranza HEC Montreal, Quebec, Canada Dipartimento di Economia e Management Universita degli Studi di Brescia, Italy gilbert. laporte@cirrelt. ca speranza@econibs.it Marcus Pogg Christos d. tarantilis Departamento de Informatica, Pontificia Dcpartmcnt of Managcmcnt Scicncc and Universidade Catolica de rio de janeiro, Brazil, Technology, Athens University of Economics poggi@inf. Puc-rio. br and Business, Greece tarantilQaueb Wa alter rel D de management et technologie, Paolo toth Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Quebec, Department of electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "G. marconi rei. walter(@uqam.ca Universita di Bologna, Italy, P Panagiotis P. Repoussis Eduardo ucha Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N, Departamento de engenharia de produgao USA Universidade federal fluminense. niteroi. rio panagiotis. repoussis@stevens. edu de janeiro, brazil uchoa@producao uff. br Stefan Ropke Department of management, Engineering Thibautⅴidal Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Laboratory for Information and Decision Lyngby, Denmark, Systems, Massachusetts Institute of ropke@dtu. dk Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, dalt@mit. edu Juan-Jose Salazar-Gonzalez Daniele vigo Departamento de Estadistica, Investigacion Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Operativa y Computacion, Universidad de la Information Engineering "G. Marconi Tenerife, S jjsalaza@ull.es Universita di Bologna, Italy, daniele vigo@unibo it Michael schneider Edward A. Wasil Logistikplanung und Informationssysteme Kogod School of Business, American Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Germany, University, Washington, DC, USA schneider(bwl. tu-darmstadt. de ewasil@american. edu Contents List of Figures List of table Preface to the Second edition Preface to the first edition 1 The Family of vehicle Routing Problems S. Irnich, P. Toth, D. Vigo Introduction The Capacitated Vehicle routing Problem The Family of vRp Bibliography 23 The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem 35 Classical Exact Algorithms for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem 37 F Semet, P. Toth, D. vigo 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Branch-and-Bound algorithms 38 3 earl Partite g Algorithms 2.4 B ranch-an nd -Cut Algorithms 2.5 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 53 Bibliography 53 New Exact Algorithms for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem M. Poggi, E. Ochoa 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Main Exact Approaches 3.3 Formulations 3.4 Valid Cuts 65 3.5 Pricing 3.6 Branching vs Route Enumeration 3.7 Dvcrvicw of Computational rcsults 77 3. 8 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 83 Bibli 1ograp y VIl Contents 4 Heuristics for the vehicle routing Problem G. Laporte, S. Ropke, T. Vidal Introduction 87 4.2 Constructive heuristics 4.3 Classical Improvement Heuristics 4.4 Metaheuristics 4.5 Hybridizations 94 4.6 Unified algorithms 97 4.7 Computational Comparison of Selected Metaheuristics 4.8 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 109 Bibliography II Important Variants of the Vehicle Routing Problem 117 G Desaulniers, O.B.G. Madsen, 3.opke e Windows The Vehicle routing Problem with Tin 119 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Mathematical formulations ,120 5.3 Exact Solution Methods 123 5.4 Heuristi 135 5.5E 149 5.6 Conclusions and Future research directions 151 Bibliography ,,,152 6 Pickup-and-Delivery Problems for Goods Transportation 161 M. Battarra,F-F Cordeau, M. Ic 161 6.2 Many-to-Many Problems 162 One-to-Many-to-One Problems 165 6.4 One-to-One Problem 5 Problems with Loading Constraints 6.6 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 180 Bibliography 7 Pickup-and-Delivery Problems for People Transportation 193 KED 7. 1 Introduction 193 7. 2 Dial-a-Ride Probl 7.3 Problem Formulation 7.4 Solution Mcthods for Dial-a-Ridc problems 199 7.5 Other Problems ce ng Pickup and de People 203 7. 6 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 207 Bibliography 207 8 Stochastic Vehicle Routing Problems 213 M. Gendreau, O Jabali, W. Rei 8.1 Introduction 213 8.2 A Priori optimization 215 8.3 The Reoptimization Model Contents X 8. 4 Probabilistic Formulation 226 8.5 Stochastic demands 228 8.6 Stochastic Customers 230 8.7 Stochastic Travel Times 8. 8 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 234 Bibliography 234 9 Four Variants of the Vehicle Routing problem 241 S. Irnich, M. Schneider, D. vigo 9.1 Lntroduction 241 9.2Ⅴ RP with backhauls 242 9.3 Heterogeneous or Mixed Fleet VRP 245 9.4 Periodic Routing proble g 249 9.5 VRP with split deliveries 255 9.6 Conclusions and Future Research Directions Bibliography 10 Vehicle routing problems with profts 273 C. Archetti, M.G. Speranza, D. vigo 10.1 Introductio 10.2 Single-Vehicle ci 10.3 Multiple-Vehicle ca 10.4 Conclusions and Future Research directions 289 Biblie 29 11 Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problems 299 T. Bektas, P P. Repoussis, C.D. Tarantilis 11.1 Introd 11.2 Definitions, objectives, and Overview of Problem variants ,302 11.3 Dynamic requests 11.4 Dynamic and Time-Dependent Travel Times 329 11.5 Dy namic Vehicle Availability .332 11. Performance Measurements and Evaluation of Solution Approaches 334 11.7 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 334 Bibliography 336 III Applications of the Vehicle Routing Problem 349 12 Software Tools and Emerging Technologies for vehicle Routing and Inter- modal Transportation 351 0. Brays, G. Hasle 12.1 Introducti 351 12.2 Basic Functionalities of Vehicle Routing Software ........ 353 12.3 Input and Output 355 12.4 Model Properties ,357 2.5 Algorithms 12.6 Implementation, Pcrformancc, and Price 364 12.7 VRP Technology Survey 12.8 New and Emerging Technologies 372 Contents 12.9 The Future of the vehicle routing business 374 2.10 Summary and Conclusions ,,,,,,,374 Bibliography 376 13 Ship Routing and Scheduling in Industrial and Tramp Shipping 381 M. Christiansen, K. Fagerbolt 13. 1 Introduction ,,,381 13. 2 Cargo Routing and scheduling 382 13.3 Maritime Inventory routing 393 13. 4 Dynamic and Stochastic Ship routing 401 13.5 Conclusions and future research directions Bibliography thy 403 14 Vehicle Routing Applications in Disaster Relief 4c9 B.L. Golden, A.A.K E. A. Wasil 14. 1 Introduction 409 14.2 Phases in disaster management 412 14.3 Performance Metrics in Disaster Operations ,,,417 14.4 Commercial VRPs vs. Disaster relief vrps ,,427 14.5 Conclusions and Future Research Directions Bibliography 431 15 Green Vehicle Routing 437 R. Eglese, T Bektas 15.1 Environmentally Sustainable Routing 437 15.2 Fuel Consumption and Emission Models for Road Transportation. 438 15.3 Minimizing Emissions in Vehicle routing 15.4 Speed Optimization on Fixed routes 450 15.5 Multicriteria analysis 451 15.6 Routing in Other Modes of Transport 51 15.7 Alternative Fuel-Powered Vehicles 15.8 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 452 Bibliography 453 Index 459 【实例截图】
【核心代码】
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