openwrt深入学习笔记.pdf

【实例截图】

【核心代码】

目录
1 基础 ....................................................................................................................................................................................4
1.1 安装编译环境 .............................................................................................................................................................4
1.2 下载源码 .....................................................................................................................................................................5
1.3 配置 .............................................................................................................................................................................7
1.4 编译 .............................................................................................................................................................................9
1.5 清理工程 .....................................................................................................................................................................9
1.6 编译/清理单个软件包................................................................................................................................................9
1.7 烧写固件 .....................................................................................................................................................................9
2 UCI（统一配置接口）......................................................................................................................................................12
2.1 概述 ...........................................................................................................................................................................12
2.2 实例操作 ...................................................................................................................................................................14
3 网络配置 ..........................................................................................................................................................................17
3.1 概述 ...........................................................................................................................................................................17
3.2 配置成交换机 ...........................................................................................................................................................20
3.3 配置成路由器 ...........................................................................................................................................................22
3.4 配置 Wireless ............................................................................................................................................................26
3.5 查询接口状态信息（IP 地址、子网、网关、DNS 等）........................................................................................27
3.5.1 查询逻辑 interfere 的第一个 IPv4 地址：network_get_ipaddr......................................................................28
3.5.2 查询逻辑 interfere 所对应的 L3 层 Linux 网络设备：network_get_device...................................................28
3.5.3 查询逻辑接口的第一个 IPv4 子网：network_get_subnet..............................................................................28
3.5.4 查询逻辑接口（interfere）的 IPv4 网关：network_get_gateway.................................................................29
3.5.5 查询逻辑 interfere 的 DNS 服务器：network_get_dnsserver.........................................................................29
3.5.6 查询逻辑 interfere 所使用的协议：network_get_protocol............................................................................29
3.5.7 查询逻辑 interfere 的状态（UP/DOWN）：network_is_up...........................................................................30
4 升级固件 ..........................................................................................................................................................................30
5 配置 DHCP 服务器和 DNS 服务器 ..................................................................................................................................33
5.1 公用选项配置 ...........................................................................................................................................................33
5.2 配置 DHCP 地址池 ....................................................................................................................................................36
6 添加软件包 ......................................................................................................................................................................36
6.1 概述 ...........................................................................................................................................................................36
6.2 实例：添加应用程序软件包 ...................................................................................................................................39
6.3 实例：添加内核模块 ...............................................................................................................................................43
7 Openwrt 源码树目录组织结构........................................................................................................................................47
8 Openwrt Buildroot 工作过程概述....................................................................................................................................48
9 启动脚本（Init Scripts） .................................................................................................................................................48
9.1 概述 ...........................................................................................................................................................................48
9.2 实例：实现 6.2 节的 helloworld 开机自启动.........................................................................................................50
10 通过 shell 脚本操作 UCI 配置.......................................................................................................................................53
11 Openwrt 启动流程..........................................................................................................................................................56
11.1 Openwrt 固件生成过程（基于 MPR-A2 硬件平台）............................................................................................56
11.2 Openwrt 启动流程：procd......................................................................................................................................56
11.3 Openwrt 启动流程：/etc/preinit ............................................................................................................................59
11.4 Openwrt 启动流程：/etc/rc.d/S* ...........................................................................................................................61
12 Failsafe 模式（故障恢复模式）....................................................................................................................................62
13 防火墙 ............................................................................................................................................................................66
13.1 理论知识 .................................................................................................................................................................66
13.2 UCI 防火墙配置实例................................................................................................................................................67
13.2.1 MAC 地址过滤...................................................................................................................................................67
13.2.2 端口转发 ..........................................................................................................................................................68
14 配置 PPPOE Server.........................................................................................................................................................68
15 LuCI ..................................................................................................................................................................................71
15.1 配置 Openwrt 支持 LuCI .........................................................................................................................................71
15.2 LuCI ...........................................................................................................................................................................72
15.3 实例一：call............................................................................................................................................................73
15.4 实例二：template...................................................................................................................................................74
15.5 实例三：cbi.............................................................................................................................................................74
15.6 CBI 参考手册............................................................................................................................................................79
15.6.1 Map....................................................................................................................................................................79
15.6.2 section................................................................................................................................................................79
15.6.3 option.................................................................................................................................................................79
15.6.4 Tab .....................................................................................................................................................................79
15.6.5 实例 ..................................................................................................................................................................80
15.7 国际化 .....................................................................................................................................................................81
15.8 主题 .........................................................................................................................................................................85
15.9 在 Openwrt 源码中添加 LuCI 模块........................................................................................................................86
15.10 开启 LuCI 缓存 ......................................................................................................................................................87
16 支持 U 盘........................................................................................................................................................................87
17 opkg .................................................................................................................................................................................89
17.1 安装软件包 .............................................................................................................................................................91
17.2 删除软件包 .............................................................................................................................................................91
17.3 查询已安装软件包 .................................................................................................................................................91
17.4 更新软件包 .............................................................................................................................................................92
17.5 安装目的地 .............................................................................................................................................................92
18 LED ...................................................................................................................................................................................93
19 上网认证 ........................................................................................................................................................................96
19.1 概述 .........................................................................................................................................................................96
19.2 Wifidog 接口协议.....................................................................................................................................................97
19.2.1 网关心跳 ..........................................................................................................................................................97
19.2.2 设备登陆及认证 ..............................................................................................................................................98
19.2.3 流量统计 ..........................................................................................................................................................99
19.2.4 设备下线（主动） ..........................................................................................................................................99
19.2.5 设备下线（超时） ..........................................................................................................................................99
19.3 Wifidog 配置.............................................................................................................................................................99
19.3.1 网关 ID（可选）............................................................................................................................................100
19.3.2 外部网络接口（可选） ................................................................................................................................100
19.3.3 网关接口（必须） ........................................................................................................................................100
19.3.4 网关内部局域网 IP 地址（可选） ...............................................................................................................100
19.3.5 Wifidog 消息页面（可选）............................................................................................................................100
19.3.6 认证服务器（必须，可重复） ....................................................................................................................100
19.3.7 是否后台运行（可选） ................................................................................................................................101
19.3.8 Wifidog 监听端口（可选）............................................................................................................................101
19.3.9 超时检测间隔、心跳间隔、流量统计间隔（可选）.................................................................................101
19.3.10 超时时间（可选） ......................................................................................................................................101
19.3.11 白名单（可选） ..........................................................................................................................................102
19.3.12 防火墙规则（必须） ..................................................................................................................................102
19.4 实例（认证服务器） ...........................................................................................................................................102
19.5 实例：使用 LuCI 配置 wifidog..............................................................................................................................107
19.5.1 编写代码测试 ................................................................................................................................................108
19.5.2 添加软件包 ....................................................................................................................................................116
19.6 实例：使用 LuCI 显示 wifidog 状态.....................................................................................................................118
19.6.1 编写代码测试 ................................................................................................................................................118
19.6.2 添加软件包 ...................................................................................................................................................123