深居浅出AutoCAD二次开发.pdf

【实例简介】

AutoCAD 以其通用的格式、完善的图形绘制功能及强大的图形编辑功能在各行业计算机辅助设计方
面发挥着举足轻重的作用，对其进行二次开发能以更高精度、速度的进行计算机辅助设计，提高工作效
率。
如今 AutoCAD 支持的二次开发语言比较丰富，不管在哪种开发语言下对其进行二次开发 AutoCAD 的
运行原理、程序设计的方法及开发思路是不变的。综合各种开发语言的性能、功能、开发周期、开发难
度以及未来的趋势得出结论：在.NET(C#)环境下对其进行二次开发最为合适。
本书力求循序渐进、由浅入深，详细介绍 AutoCAD 二次开发原理与技术。以.NET(C#)环境下二次开
发为主线，并介绍.NET(C#)调用 ObjectARX(C )程序的方法，从而实现在 C#环境中构建程序框架(易于实
现与修改)，必要的时候在 C 环境中实现复杂或目前未托管的程序功能。融入 C 程序让.NET(C#)开发即
便捷高效又功能强大。本书在详细的介绍 AutoCAD 基本对象及功能实现的同时结合丰富的开发实例以拓
展开发的思路、指导实践开发的过程。
本书内容安排如下：
第一章“概述” 主要介绍 AutoCAD 软件的功能用途以及开发环境。
第二章“AutoCAD 操作应用” 简单介绍软件的应用操作。
第三章“程序设计基础” 主要介绍程序设计的基础。
第四章“数据库基础” 主要介绍数据库相关的基础知识。
第五章 “AutoCAD.NET 开发” 主要介绍 AutoCAD.NET APIs 及 AutoCAD 开发的基本方法与过程。
第六章“开发实例” 详细介绍 AutoCAD 的开发过程以及开发思路。
本书版权属于数字建筑网(http://www.BimCad.org)站长李冠亿所有。

【实例截图】

【核心代码】

目录
第一章 概述 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
【一】AUTOCAD功能特点.................................................................................................................................................................... 1
【二】二次开发内容........................................................................................................................................................................... 1
【三】二次开发方式........................................................................................................................................................................... 1
【1】AutoLISP.................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
【2】ADS.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
【3】ObjectARX ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4
【4】VisualLISP................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
【5】VBA.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
【6】AutoCAD .NET.......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
【四】开发方式对比........................................................................................................................................................................... 7
【1】开发方式能力范围对比......................................................................................................................................................... 7
【2】开发环境的难易程度及学习时间对比................................................................................................................................. 7
【3】开发环境性能对比................................................................................................................................................................. 8
【4】各开发方式能力对比............................................................................................................................................................. 8
第二章 AUTOCAD操作应用................................................................................................................................................................. 9
【一】基本界面................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
【二】基本功能................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
第三章 程序设计基础 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 14
【一】数据类型................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
【1】值类型 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
(1)简单类型.................................................................................................................................................................................................................14
(1.1)整数类型.........................................................................................................................................................................................................14
(1.2)布尔类型........................................................................................................................................................................................................14
(1.3)实数类型........................................................................................................................................................................................................14
(1.4)字符类型........................................................................................................................................................................................................14
(2)结构类型................................................................................................................................................................................................................15
(3)枚举类型................................................................................................................................................................................................................15
【2】引用类型.............................................................................................................................................................................. 15
(1)类.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................15
(2)代表.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................16
(3)数组.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................16
(4)接口.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................17
【二】运算符、表达式..................................................................................................................................................................... 17
【三】程序流程................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
【1】顺序程序 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 24
【2】分支程序 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 24
(1)if语句.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................24
(2)switch语句...............................................................................................................................................................................................................26
(3)try、catch、finally表达式.....................................................................................................................................................................................27
【3】循环程序 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 28
(1)while语句 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................28
(2)do-while语句...........................................................................................................................................................................................................29
(3)for语句.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................29
(4)foreach语句.............................................................................................................................................................................................................30
【四】数据结构................................................................................................................................................................................. 31
【1】线性结构 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 31
(1)线性表.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................31
(2)栈..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................32
(3)列队..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................32
【2】非线性结构........................................................................................................................................................................... 33
(1)树..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................33
(2)二叉树.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................33
(3)图..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................34
【3】数据排序、查找................................................................................................................................................................... 35
(1)排序.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................35
(1)冒泡排序............................................................................................................................................................................................................35
(2)选择排序............................................................................................................................................................................................................36
(3)插入排序............................................................................................................................................................................................................36
(4)希尔排序............................................................................................................................................................................................................37
(2)查找.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................37
(1)线性查找............................................................................................................................................................................................................37
(2)折半查找............................................................................................................................................................................................................38
【五】算法 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 38
【1】穷举法.................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
【2】贪心法.................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
【3】分治法.................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
【4】回溯法.................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
【5】动态规划法.......................................................................................................................................................................... 39
【6】分枝界限法.......................................................................................................................................................................... 39
【7】递归算法.............................................................................................................................................................................. 39
【六】函数 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 40
【七】事件 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 41
【八】.NET简介................................................................................................................................................................................ 42
【九】C#简介................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
【十】编码规范................................................................................................................................................................................. 48
第四章 数据库基础 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 48
【一】数据模型................................................................................................................................................................................. 48
【二】关系型数据库......................................................................................................................................................................... 49
【三】SQL语言 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 49
【四】数据库设计范式..................................................................................................................................................................... 51
【五】DWG数据库............................................................................................................................................................................ 51
第五章 AUTOCAD.NET开发.............................................................................................................................................................. 53
【一】AUTOCAD.NET开发环境及实现方法 ...................................................................................................................................... 53
【1】创建项目.............................................................................................................................................................................. 53
【2】编译、调试.......................................................................................................................................................................... 56
【3】加载程序.............................................................................................................................................................................. 60
【4】程序部署.............................................................................................................................................................................. 62
【5】托管C  程序...................................................................................................................................................................... 68
【二】AUTOCAD对象 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 76
【1】Application(应用程序).......................................................................................................................................................... 78
【2】Document(文档) ................................................................................................................................................................... 86
【3】Editor(命令行) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 92
【4】Database(数据库)............................................................................................................................................................... 101
【5】Transaction (事务) .............................................................................................................................................................. 115
【6】DBObject(数据库对象)....................................................................................................................................................... 118
(1) SymbolTable(符号表)、SymbolTableRecord(符号表记录).............................................................................................................................126
(1.1) BlockTabLe (块表)、BlockTableRecord(块表记录)...................................................................................................................................128
[www.BimCad.org]深居浅出 AutoCAD 二次开发 III
(1.2) DimStyleTable(尺寸标注样式表) 、DimStyleTableRecord(标注样式表记录)......................................................................................132
(1.3) LayerTable (层表)、LayerTableRecord(层表记录)...................................................................................................................................135
(1.4) LinetypeTable (线型表)、LinetypeTableRecord(线型表记录) ................................................................................................................138
(1.5) RegAppTable (应用程序注册表)、RegAppTableRecord(应用程序注册表记录)..................................................................................139
(1.6) TextStyleTable (文字样式表)、TextStyleTableRecord(文字样式表记录)..............................................................................................140
(1.7) UCSTable (用户坐标系表) 、UcsTableRecord(用户坐标系表记录) ......................................................................................................141
(1.8) ViewportTable (视口表)、ViewportTableRecord(视口表记录)..............................................................................................................142
(1.9) ViewTable (视图表)、ViewTableRecord(视图表记录).............................................................................................................................144
(2) DBDictionary (词典).............................................................................................................................................................................................145
(3) DataTable(数据表)...............................................................................................................................................................................................148
(4) Xrecord(扩展记录)...............................................................................................................................................................................................151
(5) Field (字段)...........................................................................................................................................................................................................152
(6) Entity(实体对象)..................................................................................................................................................................................................155
(6.1) DBPoint (点)..................................................................................................................................................................................................164
(6.2)Curve(曲线) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................165
(6.2.1)Line(直线) ..............................................................................................................................................................................................170
(6.2.2) Polyline3d (三维多段线) .....................................................................................................................................................................172
(6.2.3)Arc(圆弧)................................................................................................................................................................................................174
(6.2.4)Circle(圆)................................................................................................................................................................................................176
(6.2.5) Ellipse (椭圆).........................................................................................................................................................................................178
(6.2.6)Leader(引线)..........................................................................................................................................................................................181
(6.2.7) Spline (样条曲线).................................................................................................................................................................................184
(6.2.8) XLine (构造线)......................................................................................................................................................................................187
(6.2.8) Ray (射线) .............................................................................................................................................................................................188
(6.3)DBText(单行文字).........................................................................................................................................................................................189
(6.3.1) AttributeDefinition(属性定义)............................................................................................................................................................190
(6.3.2) AttributeReference (属性参照)...........................................................................................................................................................192
(6.4)MText(多行文字)..........................................................................................................................................................................................195
(6.5) BlockReference(块参照)..............................................................................................................................................................................199
(6.5.1) Table(表格)...........................................................................................................................................................................................201
(6.6) Dimension(标注)..........................................................................................................................................................................................216
(6.6.1) AlignedDimension(对齐标注) .............................................................................................................................................................222
(6.6.2) ArcDimension(弧长标注) ....................................................................................................................................................................224
(6.6.3) RotatedDimension(转角标注).............................................................................................................................................................226
(6.6.4) DiametricDimension (直径标注).........................................................................................................................................................228
(6.6.5) RadialDimension(半径标注)................................................................................................................................................................230
(6.6.6) OrdinateDimension(坐标标注)...........................................................................................................................................................232
(6.6.7) LineAngularDimension2(角度标注)....................................................................................................................................................234
(6.7) Region (面域)................................................................................................................................................................................................236
(6.8) Surface (表面)...............................................................................................................................................................................................239
(6.8.1) ExtrudedSurface(拉伸表面)................................................................................................................................................................241
(6.8.2) LoftedSurface (放样表面)....................................................................................................................................................................243
(6.8.3) PlaneSurface(平面表面)......................................................................................................................................................................244
(6.8.4) RevolvedSurface (旋转表面)...............................................................................................................................................................245
(6.8.5) SweptSurface (扫掠表面)....................................................................................................................................................................247
(6.9) Solid3d (三维实体).......................................................................................................................................................................................249
(6.10) Body (形体).................................................................................................................................................................................................258
(6.11) Hatch (填充)...............................................................................................................................................................................................259
【7】Overrule(规则重定义) ........................................................................................................................................................ 263
(1) ObjectOverrule (数据库对象重定义)................................................................................................................................................................264
(2) DrawableOverrule(可视化对象规则重定义)....................................................................................................................................................265
(3) GripOverrule(夹点重定义)..................................................................................................................................................................................266
(4) OsnapOverrule (对象捕捉重定义).....................................................................................................................................................................268
(5) GeometryOverrule (几何重定义).......................................................................................................................................................................268
(6) HighlightOverrule (高亮重定义).........................................................................................................................................................................269
(7) PropertiesOverrule (属性重定义)......................................................................................................................................................................269
(8) TransformOverrule (变形重定义)......................................................................................................................................................................269
【8】Jig(步骤模仿)...................................................................................................................................................................... 270
(1)EntityJig(单实体步骤模仿)..................................................................................................................................................................................271
(2) DrawJig (拖拽步骤模仿).....................................................................................................................................................................................272
【9】几何类库 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 273
(1)Vector3d(三维向量).............................................................................................................................................................................................273
(2)Matrix3d(三维矩阵).............................................................................................................................................................................................277
(3)Tolerance(容差) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................280
(4) Point3d (三维点)..................................................................................................................................................................................................281
(5) Curve3d(三维曲线)..............................................................................................................................................................................................284
(5.1) LinearEntity3d(三维线性对象)...................................................................................................................................................................286
(5.2)CircularArc3d(三维圆弧)..............................................................................................................................................................................287
(6)Plane(平面)............................................................................................................................................................................................................288
【10】用户界面 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 289
(1)PaletteSet(面板)....................................................................................................................................................................................................289
(2)RibbonTab(面板式菜单) ......................................................................................................................................................................................293
【11】枚举类型 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 293
(1)OpenMode.............................................................................................................................................................................................................293
(2)Intersect.................................................................................................................................................................................................................293
(3)ObjectSnapModes.................................................................................................................................................................................................295
(4)DragStatus .............................................................................................................................................................................................................296
(5)PromptStatus.........................................................................................................................................................................................................297
(6) BooleanOperationType........................................................................................................................................................................................297
(7) SweepOptionsAlignOption ..................................................................................................................................................................................297
(8) SubentityType.......................................................................................................................................................................................................298
(9) HatchPatternType ................................................................................................................................................................................................298
(10) DataType.............................................................................................................................................................................................................298
(11) PaletteSetStyles..................................................................................................................................................................................................299
【三】基本操作............................................................................................................................................................................... 301
【1】实体对象 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 301
(1)创建对象...............................................................................................................................................................................................................301
(1.1)创建直线.......................................................................................................................................................................................................301
(1.2)创建圆............................................................................................................................................................................................................301
(1.3)创建圆弧.......................................................................................................................................................................................................302
(1.4)创建椭圆(椭圆弧) ........................................................................................................................................................................................303
(1.5)创建多段线...................................................................................................................................................................................................303
(1.6)创建引线.......................................................................................................................................................................................................304
(1.7)创建单行文字...............................................................................................................................................................................................304
(1.8)创建多行文字...............................................................................................................................................................................................305
(1.9)创建填充.......................................................................................................................................................................................................305
(1.10)创建标注.....................................................................................................................................................................................................306
(1.11)创建面域.....................................................................................................................................................................................................309
(1.12)创建表面.....................................................................................................................................................................................................309
(1.13)创建三维对象.............................................................................................................................................................................................310
(1.13)创建表格.....................................................................................................................................................................................................313
(1.14)创建属性定义.............................................................................................................................................................................................313
(1.15)创建属性参照.............................................................................................................................................................................................314
(2)编辑对象...............................................................................................................................................................................................................314
(2.1)移动................................................................................................................................................................................................................314
(2.2)复制................................................................................................................................................................................................................314
(2.3)旋转................................................................................................................................................................................................................315
(2.4)缩放................................................................................................................................................................................................................315
(2.5)镜像................................................................................................................................................................................................................315
(2.6)偏移................................................................................................................................................................................................................316
(2.7)阵列................................................................................................................................................................................................................316
(2.8)设置动态块属性...........................................................................................................................................................................................317
(2.9)改变对象绘图次序.......................................................................................................................................................................................318
(2.10)写块克隆对象.............................................................................................................................................................................................318
(3)几何关系...............................................................................................................................................................................................................319
(3.1)角度与弧度转换...........................................................................................................................................................................................319
(3.2)夹角................................................................................................................................................................................................................319
(3.3)距离................................................................................................................................................................................................................320
(3.4)相对点............................................................................................................................................................................................................320
(3.5)中点................................................................................................................................................................................................................321
(3.6)重合................................................................................................................................................................................................................321
(3.7)相交................................................................................................................................................................................................................322
(3.8)平行................................................................................................................................................................................................................323
(3.9)垂直................................................................................................................................................................................................................323
(3.10)布尔运算.....................................................................................................................................................................................................323
【2】数据库 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 324
(1)数据库操作...........................................................................................................................................................................................................324
(1.1)获得数据库...................................................................................................................................................................................................324
(1.2)获得对象.......................................................................................................................................................................................................324
(1.3)删除对象.......................................................................................................................................................................................................325
(1.4)数据库克隆...................................................................................................................................................................................................325
(2)块表操作...............................................................................................................................................................................................................326
(2.1)获取块表.......................................................................................................................................................................................................326
(2.2)获取块表记录...............................................................................................................................................................................................326
(2.3)添加对象到块表记录...................................................................................................................................................................................327
(2.4)添加块表记录(图块)到块表........................................................................................................................................................................327
(2.5)模型空间.......................................................................................................................................................................................................328
(3)层表操作...............................................................................................................................................................................................................329
(3.1)获得层表.......................................................................................................................................................................................................329
(3.2)获得层表记录...............................................................................................................................................................................................330
(3.3)设置当前图层...............................................................................................................................................................................................331
(3.4)新建层表记录(图层)....................................................................................................................................................................................331
(3.5)删除层表记录(图层)....................................................................................................................................................................................332
(3.6)删除与图层关联的对象..............................................................................................................................................................................333
(4)词典操作...............................................................................................................................................................................................................333
(4.1)命名对象词典...............................................................................................................................................................................................333
(4.2)对象扩展词典...............................................................................................................................................................................................334
【3】用户交互 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 335
(1)输入数据...............................................................................................................................................................................................................335
(1.1) 输入关键字.................................................................................................................................................................................................335
(1.2) 输入实数.....................................................................................................................................................................................................335
(1.3) 输入整数.....................................................................................................................................................................................................336
(1.4) 输入角度.....................................................................................................................................................................................................336
(1.5) 输入矩形角点区域.....................................................................................................................................................................................336
(1.6) 输入点..........................................................................................................................................................................................................337
(1.7) 输入距离.....................................................................................................................................................................................................337
(1.8) 输入文件名.................................................................................................................................................................................................338
(1.9) 输入路径.....................................................................................................................................................................................................338
(2)选择对象...............................................................................................................................................................................................................339
(2.1) 选择单个对象.............................................................................................................................................................................................339
(2.2) 选择集合.....................................................................................................................................................................................................340
(2.4) 选择所有对象.............................................................................................................................................................................................341
(2.5) 选择多边形区域内对象............................................................................................................................................................................342
(2.6) 选择视图窗口区域内对象........................................................................................................................................................................344
(2.7) 选择处于夹取状态的对象........................................................................................................................................................................345
(3)输出消息...............................................................................................................................................................................................................345
(3.1) 命令行提示.................................................................................................................................................................................................345
(3.2) 打开帮助网页.............................................................................................................................................................................................346
(3.2)警告框............................................................................................................................................................................................................346
(4)用户界面...............................................................................................................................................................................................................346
(4.1)应用程序界面...............................................................................................................................................................................................346
(4.2)面板................................................................................................................................................................................................................347
(4.3)菜单................................................................................................................................................................................................................347
【4】数据文件 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 350
(1)TXT文件.................................................................................................................................................................................................................350
(2)Excel文件...............................................................................................................................................................................................................350
(3)Access数据库........................................................................................................................................................................................................351
第六章 开发实例 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 354
【一】程序示例............................................................................................................................................................................... 354
【二】数据库 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 361
【1】块表 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 361
(1)创建图块(添加块表记录到块表).......................................................................................................................................................................361
(2)添加对象到模型空间..........................................................................................................................................................................................362
【2】层表 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 363
(1)创建图层(添加层表记录到层表).......................................................................................................................................................................363
(2)删除图层(删除层表记录)....................................................................................................................................................................................365
【3】命名对象词典..................................................................................................................................................................... 367
【三】实体对象............................................................................................................................................................................... 369
【1】添加对象 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 369
(1)添加基本图形对象...............................................................................................................................................................................................369
(2)添加三维对象.......................................................................................................................................................................................................372
(3)添加图块...............................................................................................................................................................................................................374
(4)添加带属性的块...................................................................................................................................................................................................377
【2】编辑对象 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 380
(1)几何变形...............................................................................................................................................................................................................380
(2)扩展数据...............................................................................................................................................................................................................382
(3)注释比例...............................................................................................................................................................................................................384
(4)显示次序...............................................................................................................................................................................................................387
(5)驱动动态块...........................................................................................................................................................................................................390
【四】用户交互............................................................................................................................................................................... 394
【1】输出信息 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 394
(1)命令行消息...........................................................................................................................................................................................................394
(2)消息框提示...........................................................................................................................................................................................................394
(3)帮助网页...............................................................................................................................................................................................................395
【2】输入信息 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 397
(1)选择单个对象.......................................................................................................................................................................................................397
(2)选择集合...............................................................................................................................................................................................................398
(3)输入数据...............................................................................................................................................................................................................399
【3】用户界面 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 401
(1)对话框...................................................................................................................................................................................................................401
(1.1)模态对话框...................................................................................................................................................................................................404
(1.2)非模态对话框...............................................................................................................................................................................................406
(2)面板........................................................................................................................................................................................................................408
(3)菜单........................................................................................................................................................................................................................410
(3.1)带式菜单.......................................................................................................................................................................................................410
(3.2)右键菜单.......................................................................................................................................................................................................412
【五】事件 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 415
【六】步骤模仿............................................................................................................................................................................... 417
【七】规则重定义........................................................................................................................................................................... 420
【八】数据文件............................................................................................................................................................................... 422
附录 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 425
附录一：AUTOCAD版本对应的注册表信息.................................................................................................................................... 425
附录二：AUTOCAD常用操作快捷键................................................................................................................................................ 426
附录三：AUTOCAD系统变量............................................................................................................................................................ 428
附录四：AUTOCAD字符对照表........................................................................................................................................................ 437
附录五：AUTOCAD颜色值表............................................................................................................................................................ 439
附录六：常用ARX函数.................................................................................................................................................................... 447
附录七：ARX类与托管类对应关系................................................................................................................................................ 452
附录八：ARX函数与托管类函数对应关系.................................................................................................................................... 463