实例介绍
【实例简介】
电机传动系统控制 Control of Electric Machine Drive System Seung-Ki Sul 2011 英文版 加了书签
Control of Electric Machine Drive Systems Seung-Ki Sul IEEE PRESS ON POWER Mohamed E. El-Hawary, Series Editor OIEEE IEEE PRESS WWILEY a JoHN WILEY sons, INC, PUBLICATION Copyright@ 2011 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc Published by John Wiley Sons, InC, Hoboken, New Jersey. All rights reserved Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright clearance Center. Inc.. 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers. Ma o1923, 978)750-8400 fax(978)750-4470,oronthewebatwww.copyright.comRequeststothepuBlisherforpermission should be addressed to the permissions department John Wiley sons, Inc, lll River street Hoboken,Nj07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/ permission Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care department within the United States at(800)762-2974, outside the United States at(317)572-3993 or fax(317)572-4002 iley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site atwww.wiley.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Sul. seung-K Control of electric machine drive system Seung-Ki Sul p cm-(IEEE Press series on power engineering; 55) Includes bibliographical references Summary: This book is based on the author's industry experience. It contains many exercise problems that engineers would experience in their day-to-day work. The book was published in Korean at 500 pages as a textbook. The book will contain over 300 figures".-Provided by publisher Summary: This book is based on the author's industry experience It contains many exercise problems that engineers would experience in their day-to-day work"Provided by publisher ISBN978-0-470-590799( hardback) 1. Electric driving-Automatic control. l. Title TK4058.58513201 621.46dc22 2010039507 Printed in the united States of america e book:978-0-470-87655-8 oBook:978-0-470-87654-1 10987654321 To my father, who lived his whole life as an unknown engineer. Contents Preface XIII 1 Introduction 1.1.1 Electric Machine Drive System 4 1. 1.2 Trend of Development of Electric Machine Drive System 1.1.3 Trend of Development of Power Semiconductor 7 1. 1.4 Trend of development of Control Electronics 1. 2 Basics of mechanics 1.2.1 Basic laws 1.2.2 Force and torque 1. 2. 3 Moment of Inertia of a rotating bod 1. 2.4 Equations of Motion for a Rigid body 1. 2.5 Power and Energy 17 1.2.6 Continuity of Physical Variables 18 1.3 Torque Speed Curve of Typical Mechanical Loads 18 1.3.1 Fan, Pump, and blower 18 1.3.2 Hoisting Load; Crane, Elevator 1.3.3 Traction Load (Electric Vehicle, Electric Train) 21 1. 3.4 Tension Control load Problems 24 References 35 2 Basic Structure and Modeling of Electric Machines and Power Converters 3 2.1 Structure and modeling of dc machine 36 2.2 Analysis of Steady-State Operation 2.2.1 Separately excited shunt machine 42 2.2.2 Series excited dc machine 45 2.3 Analysis of Transient State of dc machine 46 2.3.1 Separately Excited Shunt Machine 47 2. 4 Power electronic Circuit to Drive DC Machine 50 2.4.1 Static Ward-Leonard System 51 2.4.2 Four-Quadrants Chopper System 2.5 Rotating Magnetic Motive Force 53 2.6 Steady-State Analysis of a Synchronous Machine 58 II viii Contents 2.7 Linear electric machine 2.8 Capability Curve of Synchronous machine 2.8.1 Round rotor Synchronous Machine with Field Windin 63 2.8.2 Permanent Magnet synchronous machine 64 2.9 Parameter Variation of Synchronous machine 66 2.9.1 Stator and field winding resistance 66 2.9.2 Synchronous Inductance 2.9. 3 Back EMf Constant 2.10 Steady-State Analysis of Induction Machine 70 2.10.1 Steady-State Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Machine 72 2.10.2 Constant Air Gap flux Operation 2.11 Generator Operation of an Induction Machine 79 2.12 Variation of parameters of an induction machine 81 2.12.1 Variation of rotor resistance. R 81 2. 12.2 Variation of Rotor Leakage Inductance, LIr 2.12. 3 Variation of stator resistance. r 82 2.12.4 Variation of Stator Leakage Inductance, LIs 83 2. 12.5 Variation of excitation Inductance L 84 2. 12.6 Variation of Resistance Representing Iron Loss, R 84 2.13 Classification of Induction Machines According to Speed-Torque Characteristics 84 2. 14 Quasi-Transient State Analysis 87 2. 15 Capability Curve of an Induction Machine 88 2. 16 Comparison of AC Machine and DC Machine 2.16.1 Comparison of a Squirrel Cage Induction Machine and a Separately Excited dc machine 2. 16.2 Comparison of a Permanent Magnet AC Machine and a Separately Excited dc machine 92 2. 17 Variable-Speed Control of Induction Machine Based on Steady-State Characteristics 92 2. 17.1 Variable Speed Control of Induction Machine by Controllin Terminal voltage 2. 17.2 Variable Speed Control of Induction Machine Based on Constant Air-Gap Flux(&F)Control 94 2. 17.3 Variable Speed Control of Induction Machine Based on Actual Speed Feedback 95 2. 17.4 Enhancement of Constant Air-Gap Flux Control with Feedback of Magnitude of Stator Current 96 2.18 Modeling of power Converters 96 2. 18.1 Three-Phase Diode/Thyristor Rectifier 97 2.18.2 PWM BooSt rectifier 98 2.18.3 Two-Quadrants Bidirectional DC/DC Converter 101 2.18.4 Four-Quadrants DC/DC Converter 2.18.5 Three-Phase Pwm inverter 103 2. 18.6 Matrix Converter 105 2.19 Parameter Conversion Using Per Unit Method 106 ms References l14 Contents ix 3 Reference Frame Transformation and Transient State Analysis of Three-Phase ac machines 3.1 Complex vector 3.2 d-q-n Modeling of an Induction Machine Based on Complex Space vector 119 3.2.1 Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Machine at d-g-n aXIs 120 3.2.2 Torque of the Induction Mach 125 3.3 d-q-n Modeling of a Synchronous Machine Based on Complex Space Vector 3.3.1 Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous Machine at d-q-n AXIS 3.3.2 Torque of a Synchronous Machine 138 3.3.3 Equivalent Circuit and Torque of a Permanent magnet Synchronous machine 140 3.3.4 Synchronous Reluctance Machine(SynRM) 144 Problems References 153 4 Design of Regulators for Electric Machines and Power Converters 154 4.1 Active Dampin 157 4.2 Current Regulator 158 4.2.1 Measurement of current 4.2.2 Current regulator for Three-Phase-Controlled rectifier 161 4.2.3 Current Regulator for a DC Machine Driven by a PWM Chopper 166 42. 4 Anti-Wind-U 170 4.2.5 AC Current regulator 173 4.3 Speed Regulator 179 4.3. 1 Measurement of Speed/Position of rotor of an Electric Machine 4.3.2 Estimation of Speed with Incremental Encoder 182 4.3.3 Estimation of Speed by a State Observer 4.3.4 PI/iP Speed regulator 4.3.5 Enhancement of speed control performance with acceleration Information 204 4.3.6 Speed Regulator with Anti-Wind-Up Controller 206 4.4 Position regulator 208 4.4. 1 Proportional-Proportional and Integral(P-PD) regulator 208 4.4.2 Feed-Forwarding of Speed Reference and Acceleration reference 00 4.5 Detection of Phase Angle of ac voltage 210 4.5.1 Detection of Phase Angle on Synchronous Reference Frame 210 4.5.2 Detection of Phase Angle Using Positive Sequence Voltage on Synchronous Reference Frame 213 4.6 Voltage regulator 215 4.6.1 Voltage regulator for dc Link of pwm boost rectifier 215 Problems 218 References 228 X Contents 5 Vector Control 230 5.1 Instantaneous Torque Control 5.1. 1 Separately Excited DC Machine 231 5.1. 2 Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SMPMSM) 233 5.1.3 Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) 5.2 Vector Control of induction machine 236 5.2.1 Direct Vector Control 237 5.2.2 Indirect Vector Control 243 5.3 Rotor Flux Linkage estimator 245 5.3. 1 Voltage Model based on Stator Voltage equation of an Induction machine 245 5.3.2 Current Model Based on Rotor Voltage Equation of an Induction machine 246 5.3. 3 Hybrid Rotor Flux Linkage estimator 247 5.3.4 Enhanced Hybrid Estimator 5.4 Flux Weakening Control 249 5.4.1 Constraints of voltage and current to ac machine 249 5.4.2 Operating Region of Permanent Magnet AC Machine in Current Plane at rotor reference frame 5.4.3 Flux Weakening Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machi 5.4.4 Flux Weakening Control of Induction machine 262 5.4.5 Flux Regulator of induction machine 267 Problems 269 References 281 6 Position/Speed Sensorless Control of AC Machines 283 6.1 Sensorless control of induction machine 286 6. 1. 1 Model Reference Adaptive System(MRAS 286 6. 1.2 Adaptive Speed Observer (AsO 291 6.2 Sensorless Control of Surface-Mounted Permanent magnet Synchronous Machine (SMPMSm) 297 6.3 Sensorless Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (Pmsm 6.4 Sensorless Control Employing High-Frequency Signal Injection 30 6. 4.1. Inherently Salient Rotor Machine 304 6. 4.2 AC Machine with Nonsalient rotor 305 Problems References 7 Practical issues 324 7. 1 Output Voltage distortion Due to Dead Time and Its Compensation 324 7.1.1 Compensation of Dead Time Effect 325 Contents xi 7.1.2 Zero Current Clamping(ZCC) 327 7.1.3 Voltage Distortion due to Stray Capacitance of semiconductor Switches 7. 1.4 Prediction of switching Instant 7.2 Measurement of phase Current 334 7.2.1 Modeling of Time Delay of Current Measurement System 334 7. 2.2 Offset and Scale errors in Current measurement 337 7.3 Problems Due to Digital Signal Processing of Current Regulation Loop 342 7.3.1 Modeling and Compensation of Current Regulation Error Due to digital dela 342 7.3.2 Error in Current Samplin 346 Problems 350 References 353 Appendix a measurement and Estimation of Parameters of electric Machinery 354 A1 Parameter estimation 354 A.1.1 DC Machine 355 A.1.2 Estimation of parameters of induction machine A 2 Parameter Estimation of Electric Machines Using Regulators of Drive system 361 A 2.1 Feedback Control System 361 A.2.2 Back emf Constant of dc machine. K 363 A 2.3 Stator Winding resistance of Three-Phase AC Machine, R 363 A. 2. 4 Induction machine parameters 365 A 2.5 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 370 A 3 Estimation of mechanical Parameters 374 A.3.1 Estimation Based on Mechanical Equation 374 A.3.2 Estimation Using Integral Pi rocess 376 References 380 Appendix b d-q Modeling Using Matrix Equations 381 B. 1 Reference frame and Transformation matrix 381 B 2 d-q Modeling of Induction Machine Using Transformation Matrix B3 d-q Modeling of Synchronous Machine Using Transformation Matrix 390 Index 391 IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering 401 【实例截图】
【核心代码】
电机传动系统控制 Control of Electric Machine Drive System Seung-Ki Sul 2011 英文版 加了书签
Control of Electric Machine Drive Systems Seung-Ki Sul IEEE PRESS ON POWER Mohamed E. El-Hawary, Series Editor OIEEE IEEE PRESS WWILEY a JoHN WILEY sons, INC, PUBLICATION Copyright@ 2011 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc Published by John Wiley Sons, InC, Hoboken, New Jersey. All rights reserved Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright clearance Center. Inc.. 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers. Ma o1923, 978)750-8400 fax(978)750-4470,oronthewebatwww.copyright.comRequeststothepuBlisherforpermission should be addressed to the permissions department John Wiley sons, Inc, lll River street Hoboken,Nj07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/ permission Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care department within the United States at(800)762-2974, outside the United States at(317)572-3993 or fax(317)572-4002 iley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site atwww.wiley.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Sul. seung-K Control of electric machine drive system Seung-Ki Sul p cm-(IEEE Press series on power engineering; 55) Includes bibliographical references Summary: This book is based on the author's industry experience. It contains many exercise problems that engineers would experience in their day-to-day work. The book was published in Korean at 500 pages as a textbook. The book will contain over 300 figures".-Provided by publisher Summary: This book is based on the author's industry experience It contains many exercise problems that engineers would experience in their day-to-day work"Provided by publisher ISBN978-0-470-590799( hardback) 1. Electric driving-Automatic control. l. Title TK4058.58513201 621.46dc22 2010039507 Printed in the united States of america e book:978-0-470-87655-8 oBook:978-0-470-87654-1 10987654321 To my father, who lived his whole life as an unknown engineer. Contents Preface XIII 1 Introduction 1.1.1 Electric Machine Drive System 4 1. 1.2 Trend of Development of Electric Machine Drive System 1.1.3 Trend of Development of Power Semiconductor 7 1. 1.4 Trend of development of Control Electronics 1. 2 Basics of mechanics 1.2.1 Basic laws 1.2.2 Force and torque 1. 2. 3 Moment of Inertia of a rotating bod 1. 2.4 Equations of Motion for a Rigid body 1. 2.5 Power and Energy 17 1.2.6 Continuity of Physical Variables 18 1.3 Torque Speed Curve of Typical Mechanical Loads 18 1.3.1 Fan, Pump, and blower 18 1.3.2 Hoisting Load; Crane, Elevator 1.3.3 Traction Load (Electric Vehicle, Electric Train) 21 1. 3.4 Tension Control load Problems 24 References 35 2 Basic Structure and Modeling of Electric Machines and Power Converters 3 2.1 Structure and modeling of dc machine 36 2.2 Analysis of Steady-State Operation 2.2.1 Separately excited shunt machine 42 2.2.2 Series excited dc machine 45 2.3 Analysis of Transient State of dc machine 46 2.3.1 Separately Excited Shunt Machine 47 2. 4 Power electronic Circuit to Drive DC Machine 50 2.4.1 Static Ward-Leonard System 51 2.4.2 Four-Quadrants Chopper System 2.5 Rotating Magnetic Motive Force 53 2.6 Steady-State Analysis of a Synchronous Machine 58 II viii Contents 2.7 Linear electric machine 2.8 Capability Curve of Synchronous machine 2.8.1 Round rotor Synchronous Machine with Field Windin 63 2.8.2 Permanent Magnet synchronous machine 64 2.9 Parameter Variation of Synchronous machine 66 2.9.1 Stator and field winding resistance 66 2.9.2 Synchronous Inductance 2.9. 3 Back EMf Constant 2.10 Steady-State Analysis of Induction Machine 70 2.10.1 Steady-State Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Machine 72 2.10.2 Constant Air Gap flux Operation 2.11 Generator Operation of an Induction Machine 79 2.12 Variation of parameters of an induction machine 81 2.12.1 Variation of rotor resistance. R 81 2. 12.2 Variation of Rotor Leakage Inductance, LIr 2.12. 3 Variation of stator resistance. r 82 2.12.4 Variation of Stator Leakage Inductance, LIs 83 2. 12.5 Variation of excitation Inductance L 84 2. 12.6 Variation of Resistance Representing Iron Loss, R 84 2.13 Classification of Induction Machines According to Speed-Torque Characteristics 84 2. 14 Quasi-Transient State Analysis 87 2. 15 Capability Curve of an Induction Machine 88 2. 16 Comparison of AC Machine and DC Machine 2.16.1 Comparison of a Squirrel Cage Induction Machine and a Separately Excited dc machine 2. 16.2 Comparison of a Permanent Magnet AC Machine and a Separately Excited dc machine 92 2. 17 Variable-Speed Control of Induction Machine Based on Steady-State Characteristics 92 2. 17.1 Variable Speed Control of Induction Machine by Controllin Terminal voltage 2. 17.2 Variable Speed Control of Induction Machine Based on Constant Air-Gap Flux(&F)Control 94 2. 17.3 Variable Speed Control of Induction Machine Based on Actual Speed Feedback 95 2. 17.4 Enhancement of Constant Air-Gap Flux Control with Feedback of Magnitude of Stator Current 96 2.18 Modeling of power Converters 96 2. 18.1 Three-Phase Diode/Thyristor Rectifier 97 2.18.2 PWM BooSt rectifier 98 2.18.3 Two-Quadrants Bidirectional DC/DC Converter 101 2.18.4 Four-Quadrants DC/DC Converter 2.18.5 Three-Phase Pwm inverter 103 2. 18.6 Matrix Converter 105 2.19 Parameter Conversion Using Per Unit Method 106 ms References l14 Contents ix 3 Reference Frame Transformation and Transient State Analysis of Three-Phase ac machines 3.1 Complex vector 3.2 d-q-n Modeling of an Induction Machine Based on Complex Space vector 119 3.2.1 Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Machine at d-g-n aXIs 120 3.2.2 Torque of the Induction Mach 125 3.3 d-q-n Modeling of a Synchronous Machine Based on Complex Space Vector 3.3.1 Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous Machine at d-q-n AXIS 3.3.2 Torque of a Synchronous Machine 138 3.3.3 Equivalent Circuit and Torque of a Permanent magnet Synchronous machine 140 3.3.4 Synchronous Reluctance Machine(SynRM) 144 Problems References 153 4 Design of Regulators for Electric Machines and Power Converters 154 4.1 Active Dampin 157 4.2 Current Regulator 158 4.2.1 Measurement of current 4.2.2 Current regulator for Three-Phase-Controlled rectifier 161 4.2.3 Current Regulator for a DC Machine Driven by a PWM Chopper 166 42. 4 Anti-Wind-U 170 4.2.5 AC Current regulator 173 4.3 Speed Regulator 179 4.3. 1 Measurement of Speed/Position of rotor of an Electric Machine 4.3.2 Estimation of Speed with Incremental Encoder 182 4.3.3 Estimation of Speed by a State Observer 4.3.4 PI/iP Speed regulator 4.3.5 Enhancement of speed control performance with acceleration Information 204 4.3.6 Speed Regulator with Anti-Wind-Up Controller 206 4.4 Position regulator 208 4.4. 1 Proportional-Proportional and Integral(P-PD) regulator 208 4.4.2 Feed-Forwarding of Speed Reference and Acceleration reference 00 4.5 Detection of Phase Angle of ac voltage 210 4.5.1 Detection of Phase Angle on Synchronous Reference Frame 210 4.5.2 Detection of Phase Angle Using Positive Sequence Voltage on Synchronous Reference Frame 213 4.6 Voltage regulator 215 4.6.1 Voltage regulator for dc Link of pwm boost rectifier 215 Problems 218 References 228 X Contents 5 Vector Control 230 5.1 Instantaneous Torque Control 5.1. 1 Separately Excited DC Machine 231 5.1. 2 Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SMPMSM) 233 5.1.3 Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) 5.2 Vector Control of induction machine 236 5.2.1 Direct Vector Control 237 5.2.2 Indirect Vector Control 243 5.3 Rotor Flux Linkage estimator 245 5.3. 1 Voltage Model based on Stator Voltage equation of an Induction machine 245 5.3.2 Current Model Based on Rotor Voltage Equation of an Induction machine 246 5.3. 3 Hybrid Rotor Flux Linkage estimator 247 5.3.4 Enhanced Hybrid Estimator 5.4 Flux Weakening Control 249 5.4.1 Constraints of voltage and current to ac machine 249 5.4.2 Operating Region of Permanent Magnet AC Machine in Current Plane at rotor reference frame 5.4.3 Flux Weakening Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machi 5.4.4 Flux Weakening Control of Induction machine 262 5.4.5 Flux Regulator of induction machine 267 Problems 269 References 281 6 Position/Speed Sensorless Control of AC Machines 283 6.1 Sensorless control of induction machine 286 6. 1. 1 Model Reference Adaptive System(MRAS 286 6. 1.2 Adaptive Speed Observer (AsO 291 6.2 Sensorless Control of Surface-Mounted Permanent magnet Synchronous Machine (SMPMSm) 297 6.3 Sensorless Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (Pmsm 6.4 Sensorless Control Employing High-Frequency Signal Injection 30 6. 4.1. Inherently Salient Rotor Machine 304 6. 4.2 AC Machine with Nonsalient rotor 305 Problems References 7 Practical issues 324 7. 1 Output Voltage distortion Due to Dead Time and Its Compensation 324 7.1.1 Compensation of Dead Time Effect 325 Contents xi 7.1.2 Zero Current Clamping(ZCC) 327 7.1.3 Voltage Distortion due to Stray Capacitance of semiconductor Switches 7. 1.4 Prediction of switching Instant 7.2 Measurement of phase Current 334 7.2.1 Modeling of Time Delay of Current Measurement System 334 7. 2.2 Offset and Scale errors in Current measurement 337 7.3 Problems Due to Digital Signal Processing of Current Regulation Loop 342 7.3.1 Modeling and Compensation of Current Regulation Error Due to digital dela 342 7.3.2 Error in Current Samplin 346 Problems 350 References 353 Appendix a measurement and Estimation of Parameters of electric Machinery 354 A1 Parameter estimation 354 A.1.1 DC Machine 355 A.1.2 Estimation of parameters of induction machine A 2 Parameter Estimation of Electric Machines Using Regulators of Drive system 361 A 2.1 Feedback Control System 361 A.2.2 Back emf Constant of dc machine. K 363 A 2.3 Stator Winding resistance of Three-Phase AC Machine, R 363 A. 2. 4 Induction machine parameters 365 A 2.5 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 370 A 3 Estimation of mechanical Parameters 374 A.3.1 Estimation Based on Mechanical Equation 374 A.3.2 Estimation Using Integral Pi rocess 376 References 380 Appendix b d-q Modeling Using Matrix Equations 381 B. 1 Reference frame and Transformation matrix 381 B 2 d-q Modeling of Induction Machine Using Transformation Matrix B3 d-q Modeling of Synchronous Machine Using Transformation Matrix 390 Index 391 IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering 401 【实例截图】
【核心代码】
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