C#教程.pdf(非常基础)

【核心代码】

C#教程目录

第一章 C#语言基础................................................................................................................12
1.1 C#语言特点................................................................................................................12
1.2 编写控制台应用程序.................................................................................................13
1.2.1 使用 SDK 命令行工具编写控制台程序.......................................................13
1.2.1 使用 Visual Studio.Net 建立控制台程序 ......................................................14
1.3 类的基本概念.............................................................................................................17
1.3.1 类的基本概念.................................................................................................17
1.3.2 类成员的存取控制.........................................................................................17
1.3.3 类的对象.........................................................................................................18
1.3.4 类的构造函数和析构函数.............................................................................18
1.3.5 类的构造函数的重载.....................................................................................18
1.3.6 使用 Person 类的完整的例子........................................................................19
1.4 C#的数据类型............................................................................................................20
1.4.1 值类型和引用类型区别.................................................................................20
1.4.2 值类型变量分类.............................................................................................21
1.4.3 结构类型.........................................................................................................21
1.4.4 简单类型.........................................................................................................22
1.4.5 枚举类型.........................................................................................................22
1.4.6 值类型的初值和默认构造函数.....................................................................23
1.4.7 引用类型分类.................................................................................................23
1.4.8 对象类(object 类) ...........................................................................................23
1.4.9 数组类.............................................................................................................24
1.4.10 字符串类(string 类)........................................................................................25
1.4.11 类型转换.........................................................................................................26
1.5 运算符.........................................................................................................................27
1.5.1 运算符分类.....................................................................................................28
1.5.2 测试运算符 is.................................................................................................28
1.5.3 typeof 运算符..................................................................................................29
1.5.4 溢出检查操作符 checked 和 unchecked........................................................29
1.5.5 new 运算符.....................................................................................................30
1.5.6 运算符的优先级.............................................................................................30
1.6 程序控制语句.............................................................................................................30
1.6.1 和 C 语言的不同点........................................................................................30
1.6.2 foreach 语句....................................................................................................31
1.6.3 异常语句.........................................................................................................32
1.7 类的继承.....................................................................................................................33
1.7.1 派生类的声明格式.........................................................................................33
1.7.2 base 关键字...........................................................................................................34
1.7.3 覆盖基类成员.......................................................................................................34
1.7.4 C#语言类继承特点...............................................................................................34
1.8 类的成员.....................................................................................................................35
1.8.1 类的成员类型.................................................................................................35
1.8.2 类成员访问修饰符.........................................................................................35
1.9 类的字段和属性.........................................................................................................35
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1.9.1 静态字段、实例字段、常量和只读字段.....................................................36
1.9.2 属性.................................................................................................................36
1.10 类的方法.................................................................................................................37
1.10.1 方法的声明.....................................................................................................38
1.10.2 方法参数的种类.............................................................................................38
1.10.3 静态方法和实例方法.....................................................................................40
1.10.4 方法的重载.....................................................................................................41
1.10.5 操作符重载.....................................................................................................42
1.10.6 this 关键字......................................................................................................42
1.11 类的多态性.............................................................................................................43
1.12 抽象类和抽象方法.................................................................................................45
1.13 密封类和密封方法.................................................................................................46
1.14 接口.........................................................................................................................46
1.14.1 接口声明.........................................................................................................47
1.14.2 接口的继承.....................................................................................................47
1.14.3 类对接口的实现.............................................................................................48
1.15 代表.........................................................................................................................49
1.16 事件.........................................................................................................................50
1.16.1 事件驱动.........................................................................................................50
1.16.2 事件的声明.....................................................................................................50
1.16.3 事件的预订和撤消.........................................................................................51
1.17 索引指示器.............................................................................................................51
1.18 名字空间.................................................................................................................52
1.18.1 名字空间的声明.............................................................................................52
1.18.2 名字空间使用.................................................................................................53
1.19 非安全代码.............................................................................................................53
习题.........................................................................................................................................54
第二章 Windows 编程的基础知识.........................................................................................55
2.1 窗口.............................................................................................................................55
2.2 Windows 的消息系统 ................................................................................................55
2.2.1 消息驱动（事件驱动）.................................................................................55
2.2.2 事件队列.........................................................................................................55
2.2.3 注视窗口.........................................................................................................55
2.3 Windows 编程接口和类库 ........................................................................................56
2.3.1 Windows 编程接口(API)................................................................................56
2.3.2 MFC 类库 .......................................................................................................56
2.3.3 组件库.............................................................................................................56
2.3.4 .NET 框架类库...............................................................................................56
2.4 Windows 应用程序的基本结构 ................................................................................57
2.4.1 最简单的 Windows 应用程序........................................................................57
2.4.2 用 Visual Studio.Net 建立 Windows 应用程序框架......................................58
2.4.3 方案(Solution)和项目(Project).......................................................................63
习题.........................................................................................................................................64
第三章 常用控件和类的使用.................................................................................................65
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3.1 控件通用属性.............................................................................................................65
3.2 Form 类.......................................................................................................................65
3.3 标签(Label)控件.........................................................................................................66
3.4 按钮(Button)控件.......................................................................................................67
3.5 事件处理函数的参数.................................................................................................67
3.6 文本框(TextBox)控件 ................................................................................................68
3.7 Convert 类...................................................................................................................69
3.8 单选按钮(RadioButton)和 GroupBox 控件...............................................................69
3.9 Font 类 ........................................................................................................................70
3.10 多选框(CheckBox)控件 .........................................................................................70
3.11 列表选择控件(ListBox) .............................................................................................72
3.12 下拉列表组合框(ComboBox)控件........................................................................73
3.13 ToolTip 控件...............................................................................................................73
3.14 超级链接(LinkLable)控件 .....................................................................................74
3.15 定时(Timer)控件 ....................................................................................................74
3.16 DateTime 类................................................................................................................75
3.17 菜单.........................................................................................................................76
3.18 工具条.....................................................................................................................77
3.19 状态栏(StatusBar)控件...........................................................................................79
3.20 鼠标事件.................................................................................................................80
3.21 快捷菜单(ContextMenu)........................................................................................81
3.22 综合例子：计算器.................................................................................................82
习题：.....................................................................................................................................84
第四章 文本编辑器的实现.....................................................................................................87
4.1 用 RichTextBox 控件实现文本编辑器......................................................................87
4.2 实现文本编辑器的剪贴板功能.................................................................................88
4.3 实现文本编辑器的存取文件功能.............................................................................88
4.3.1 OpenFileDialog 和 SaveFileDialog 控件 .......................................................88
4.3.2 存取文件功能的实现.....................................................................................90
4.4 修改字体属性.............................................................................................................91
4.4.1 FontDialog 控件属性和方法..........................................................................91
4.4.2 修改字体属性的实现方法.............................................................................91
4.5 实现 About 对话框.....................................................................................................92
4.6 实现文本编辑器查找替换功能.................................................................................93
4.6.1 模式对话框和非模式对话框.........................................................................93
4.6.2 写字板查找替换功能的实现.........................................................................94
4.7 提示用户保存修改的文件.........................................................................................96
4.7.1 对话框 MessageBox .......................................................................................96
4.7.2 提示用户保存修改的文件的实现.................................................................96
4.8 打印和打印预览.........................................................................................................98
4.8.1 PrintDocument 类 ...........................................................................................98
4.8.2 打印设置对话框控件 PageSetupDialog ......................................................100
4.8.3 打印预览.......................................................................................................101
4.8.4 用打印对话框 PrintDialog 实现打印.......................................................102
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4.9 编写多文档界面应用程序.......................................................................................102
4.9.1 建立类似 Microsoft Word 的编辑器 ...........................................................103
4.9.2 主窗口和子窗口的菜单的融合...................................................................104
4.9.3 建立类似 Visualstudio.Net 的编辑器..........................................................106
习题.......................................................................................................................................108
第五章 图形图像编程...........................................................................................................110
5.1 图形设备环境接口(GDI).........................................................................................110
5.2 Graphics 类...............................................................................................................110
5.2.1 使用 Graphics 类绘图的基本步骤 ..............................................................111
5.2.2 窗体的 Paint 事件.........................................................................................111
5.3 GDI 中三种坐标系统： .........................................................................................111
5.4 GDI 中常用的结构 .................................................................................................112
5.4.1 结构 Point 和 PointF.....................................................................................112
5.4.2 结构 Size 和 SizeF........................................................................................112
5.4.3 结构 Rectangle 和 RectangleF......................................................................112
5.4.4 结构 Color.....................................................................................................112
5.5 画笔...........................................................................................................................113
5.6 创建画刷...................................................................................................................114
5.6.1 单色画刷 SolidBrush....................................................................................114
5.6.2 阴影画刷 HatchBrush...................................................................................114
5.6.3 纹理(图像)画刷 TextureBrush......................................................................115
5.6.4 颜色渐变画刷 LinearGradientBrush............................................................116
5.6.5 画刷 PathGradientBrush ...............................................................................117
5.7 基本图形的绘制和填充...........................................................................................118
5.7.1 绘制线段.......................................................................................................118
5.7.2 ArrayList 类..................................................................................................120
5.7.3 画椭圆(圆)及键盘消息的使用....................................................................121
5.7.4 画矩形...........................................................................................................122
5.7.5 绘制圆弧.......................................................................................................123
5.7.6 DrawPie 方法................................................................................................123
5.7.7 Bezier 曲线 ...................................................................................................123
5.7.8 DrawPolygon 方法........................................................................................124
5.7.9 DrawClosedCurve 方法................................................................................124
5.7.10 DrawCurve 方法...........................................................................................125
5.7.11 DrawPath 方法和 GraphicsPath 类 ..............................................................125
5.7.12 DrawString 方法...........................................................................................126
5.7.13 DrawImage 和 DrawIcon 方法.....................................................................126
5.7.14 FillEllipse 方法.............................................................................................127
5.7.15 FillRectangle 方法 ........................................................................................128
5.7.16 FillPie 方法...................................................................................................128
5.7.17 FillRegion 方法和 Region 类 .......................................................................128
5.8 Matrix 类和图形的平移、变形、旋转..................................................................130
5.8.1 Matrix 类.......................................................................................................130
5.8.2 图形的平移、变形、旋转...........................................................................130
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5.8.3 仿射矩阵.......................................................................................................131
5.9 图形文件格式...........................................................................................................132
5.10 图形框 PictureBox 控件.....................................................................................133
5.11 Bitmap 类..................................................................................................................134
5.11.1 Bitmap 类支持的图像类型..........................................................................134
5.11.2 Bitmap 类的方法..........................................................................................134
5.11.3 画点...............................................................................................................134
5.11.4 在 PictureBox 中画任意曲线.....................................................................135
5.11.5 存取位图文件...............................................................................................136
5.11.6 用拖动鼠标方法画椭圆或圆.......................................................................136
5.12 图像剪贴板功能...................................................................................................138
5.12.1 剪贴区域选定...............................................................................................138
5.12.2 剪贴板复制功能的实现...............................................................................138
5.12.3 剪贴板剪贴功能的实现...............................................................................139
5.12.4 剪贴板粘贴功能的实现...............................................................................139
5.13 图像的处理...........................................................................................................141
5.13.1 图像的分辨力...............................................................................................141
5.13.2 彩色图像变换为灰度图像...........................................................................142
5.13.3 灰度图像处理...............................................................................................142
5.13.4 动画...............................................................................................................143
习题.......................................................................................................................................144
第六章 文件和流...................................................................................................................145
6.1 用流读写文件...........................................................................................................145
6.1.1 用 FileStream 类读写字节 ...........................................................................145
6.1.2 用 BinaryReader 和 BinaryWriter 类读写基本数据类型............................145
6.1.3 用 StreamReader 和 StreamWriter 类读写字符串.......................................146
6.2 File 类和 FileInfo 类.................................................................................................146
6.2.1 File 类常用的方法........................................................................................146
6.2.2 文件打开方法：File.Open...........................................................................147
6.2.3 文件创建方法：File.Create .........................................................................147
6.2.4 文件删除方法：File.Delete .........................................................................147
6.2.5 文件复制方法：File.Copy...........................................................................147
6.2.6 文件移动方法：File.Move ..........................................................................148
6.2.7 设置文件属性方法：File.SetAttributes.......................................................148
6.2.8 判断文件是否存在的方法：File.Exist........................................................148
6.2.9 得到文件的属性...........................................................................................148
6.3 Directory 类和 DirectoryInfo 类...............................................................................148
6.3.1 Directory 类常用的方法如下：...................................................................149
6.3.2 目录创建方法：Directory.CreateDirectory .................................................149
6.3.3 目录属性设置方法：DirectoryInfo.Atttributes...........................................149
6.3.4 目录删除方法：Directory.Delete ................................................................149
6.3.5 目录移动方法：Directory.Move..................................................................150
6.3.6 获取当前目录下所有子目录：Directory.GetDirectories ...........................150
6.3.7 获取当前目录下的所有文件方法：Directory.GetFiles .............................150
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6.3.8 判断目录是否存在方法：Directory.Exist...................................................150
6.4 例子：查找文件.......................................................................................................151
6.4.1 Panel 和 ListView 控件 ................................................................................151
6.4.2 在指定文件夹中查找文件...........................................................................151
6.5 例子：拆分和合并文件...........................................................................................152
习题：...................................................................................................................................153
第七章 多线程程序设计.......................................................................................................154
7.1 线程类(Thread)的属性和方法.................................................................................154
7.2 线程的创建...............................................................................................................155
7.3 建立线程类...............................................................................................................156
7.3.1 进度条(ProgressBar)控件.............................................................................156
7.3.2 用线程控制进度条.......................................................................................156
7.4 线程的优先级...........................................................................................................157
7.5 多个线程互斥...........................................................................................................158
7.5.1 多个线程同时修改共享数据可能发生错误...............................................158
7.5.2 用 LOCK 语句实现互斥..............................................................................159
7.5.3 用 Mutex 类实现互斥 ..................................................................................159
7.5.4 用 Monitor 类实现互斥................................................................................159
7.6 Monitor 类.................................................................................................................159
7.7 线程的同步：生产者和消费者关系.......................................................................159
7.7.1 生产者线程和消费者线程不同步可能发生错误.......................................159
7.7.2 生产者线程和消费者线程同步的实现.......................................................160
习题: .....................................................................................................................................161
第八章 ADO.NET 与数据操作............................................................................................162
8.1 数据库基本概念.......................................................................................................162
8.2 设计连接和不连接数据库应用程序的基本步骤：...............................................162
8.3 用 ACCESS 创建数据库..........................................................................................163
8.4 结构化查询语言 SQL..............................................................................................165
8.4.1 Select 语句....................................................................................................165
8.4.2 Insert 语句.....................................................................................................165
8.4.3 Delete 语句 ...................................................................................................165
8.4.4 Update 语句..................................................................................................166
8.5 用 Connection 对象连接数据库。 ..........................................................................166
8.6 Command 对象.........................................................................................................166
8.7 DataAdapter 对象 .....................................................................................................167
8.8 DataSet 对象.............................................................................................................168
8.8.1 使用 DataSet 的优点....................................................................................168
8.8.2 数据集 DataSet 概念....................................................................................168
8.8.3 使用 DataSet 对象........................................................................................169
8.8.4 为 DataSet 对象中的表指定主键、建立关系 ............................................169
8.9 用 DataGraid 控件显示数据和数据绑定................................................................170
8.10 不连接数据库应用程序的完整的例子...............................................................170
8.11 修改数据并保存修改的数据到源数据库...............................................................171
8.12 其它数据绑定控件...............................................................................................172
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8.13 建立主从关系表...................................................................................................173
第九章 ASP.Net 编程基础知识............................................................................................175
9.1 网络基础...................................................................................................................175
9.2.1 局域网、广域网和 INTERNET ..................................................................175
9.2.2 网络传输协议...............................................................................................175
9.2.3 IP 地址..........................................................................................................175
9.2.4 域名...............................................................................................................176
9.2.5 URL...............................................................................................................176
9.2.6 端口号...........................................................................................................176
9.2.7 HTML，HTTP 和网页 ................................................................................177
9.2.8 Web 服务器和浏览器工作方式...................................................................177
9.2.9 宿主目录、默认主页及网站.......................................................................177
9.2.10 静态网页.......................................................................................................178
9.2.11 客户端动态网页...........................................................................................178
9.2.12 服务器端动态网页.......................................................................................178
9.2.13 修改宿主目录及建立虚拟目录...................................................................178
9.2 HTML 标记语言 ......................................................................................................179
9.2.1 HTML 标记 ..................................................................................................180
9.2.2 HTML 文件结构 ..........................................................................................180
9.2.3 语言字符集的信息.......................................................................................181
9.2.4 背景色彩和文字色彩...................................................................................181
9.2.5 页面空白.......................................................................................................182
9.2.6 显示一幅图...................................................................................................182
9.2.7 超级链接.......................................................................................................182
9.2.8 超级链接在新窗口打开另一网页...............................................................182
9.2.9 标尺线...........................................................................................................183
9.2.10 网页中标题的字体.......................................................................................184
9.2.11 网页中正文字体...........................................................................................184
9.2.12 斜体、粗体字符及为字体增加下划线，删除线.......................................185
9.2.13 字体标记的组合使用...................................................................................185
9.2.14 字体的颜色...................................................................................................186
9.2.15 客户端字体...................................................................................................186
9.2.16 网页中控件的概念.......................................................................................186
9.2.17 窗体控件和其它控件的使用.......................................................................187
9.2.18 例子：文字输入和密码输入.......................................................................187
9.2.19 用 FontPage 做网页的例子，使用复选框和单选按钮..............................188
9.3 ASP.NET 技术基础....................................................................................................189
9.3.1 HTML 服务器端控件 ..................................................................................189
9.3.2 Web 服务器端控件.......................................................................................190
9.3.3 Web Form 的事件处理.................................................................................190
9.3.4 记事本编写 ASP.NET 动态网页.................................................................190
9.3.5 用 Visual Studio.NET 实现 ASP.NET 动态网页.........................................191
9.3.6 Code Behind 技术.........................................................................................192
9.3.7 ASP.NET 和 HTML 兼容.............................................................................194
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9.3.8 网页中使用 C#语句.....................................................................................194
第十章 Web 服务器端控件....................................................................................................196
10.1 常用的 ASP.NET 服务器端控件.........................................................................196
10.1.1 Label 控件.....................................................................................................196
10.1.2 TextBox 控件................................................................................................196
10.1.3 Button、LinkButton 和 ImageButton 控件.................................................197
10.1.4 CheckBox 和 CheckBoxList 控件................................................................197
10.1.5 RadioButton 和 RadioButtonList 控件.........................................................197
10.1.6 Image 控件....................................................................................................198
10.1.7 HyperLink 控件............................................................................................199
10.1.8 Table、TableCell 和 TableRow 控件........................................................199
10.1.9 DrowDownList 控件......................................................................................199
10.2 ASP.Net 控件数据绑定............................................................................................200
10.2.1 数据绑定基础..............................................................................................200
10.2.2 基于变量的数据绑定...................................................................................201
10.2.3 基于集合的绑定...........................................................................................202
10.2.4 基于表达式绑定..........................................................................................206
10.2.5 基于 DataBinder.Eval 方法的数据绑定..................................................207
10.2.6 列表绑定控件..............................................................................................208
10.3 数据验证控件.......................................................................................................217
10.3.1 数据验证概述...............................................................................................217
10.3.2 常用的验证控件...........................................................................................218
10.3.3 验证控件常用的属性...................................................................................218
10.3.4 RequiredFieldValidator .................................................................................218
10.3.5 自定义数据验证控件 CustomValidator 控件..............................................219
10.3.6 ValidationSummary 控件..............................................................................221
10.3.7 CompareValidator 控件.................................................................................222
10.3.8 RegularExpressionValidator 控件.........................................................224
10.4 DataGraid 控件.........................................................................................................227
10.4.1 DataGrid 控件概述......................................................................................227
10.4.2 DataGrid 控件绑定数据库表......................................................................227
10.4.3 DataGrid 控件对数据库记录分页显示......................................................228
10.4.4 DataGrid 控件对记录排序..........................................................................230
10.4.5 用 BoundColumn 列将标题改为中文..........................................................233
10.4.6 增加按钮列..................................................................................................234
10.4.7 增加 HyperLinkColumn 列..........................................................................236
10.4.8 增加 EditCommandColumn 列......................................................................239
10.4.9 控件 TemplateColumn 的用法.....................................................................239
10.5 AdRotator 控件.........................................................................................................243
10.6 Calender 控件...........................................................................................................244
10.7 Visual Studio.Net 实现留言板 .................................................................................247
第十一章 ASP.NET 内建对象..................................................................................................250
11.1 Request 对象.............................................................................................................250
11.1.1 用 Request 对象获取另一个网页传递的数据............................................250
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11.1.2 用 Request 对象获取客户端浏览器的信息................................................251
11.1.3 用 Request 对象获取服务器信息................................................................252
11.2 Response 对象 ..........................................................................................................252
11.2.1 用 Response 对象发送信息在浏览器中显示..............................................252
11.2.2 用 Response 对象重定向浏览器..................................................................253
11.3 Cookie 对象..............................................................................................................254
11.3.1 用 Cookie 对象记录访问的次数 .................................................................254
11.3.2 网上商店购物筐实现...................................................................................255
11.4 Application 对象.......................................................................................................258
11.4.1 Application 对象属性...................................................................................258
11.4.2 方法...............................................................................................................258
11.4.3 事件...............................................................................................................259
11.4.4 例子:显示访问网站总人数..........................................................................259
11.5 Session 对象 .............................................................................................................261
11.5.1 属性...............................................................................................................261
11.5.2 方法...............................................................................................................262
11.5.3 事件...............................................................................................................262
11.5.4 用 Session 对象实现网上商店购物筐.........................................................263
11.6 Server 对象.........................................................................................................265
11.6.1 属性 MachineName 和 ScriptTimeout .........................................................265
11.6.2 HtmlEncode 方法..........................................................................................266
11.6.3 URLEncode 方法..........................................................................................266
11.6.4 MapPath 方法 ...............................................................................................266
习题.......................................................................................................................................266
第十二章 可扩展标记语言.......................................................................................................267
12.1 HTML 及其缺点 ......................................................................................................267
12.2 SGML(标准通用置标语言).....................................................................................267
12.3 XML(可扩展置标语言)...........................................................................................267
12.4 XML 的文档格式.....................................................................................................268
12.5 用 XSL 文件显示 XML 文档 ..............................................................................269
12.6 .NET 对 XML 的支持..............................................................................................273
12.7 ADO.NET 和 XML ..................................................................................................276
12.8 使用 Visual Studio.Net 建立和显示 XML 文档..................................................279
第十三章 Web 服务 ..................................................................................................................281
13.1 Web 服务的概念和用途...........................................................................................281
13.2 建立 Web 服务.......................................................................................................282
13.2.1 用记事本建立 Web 服务...............................................................................282
13.2.2 用 Visual Studio.Net 建立 Web 服务.............................................................283
13.2.3 服务描述语言(WSDL).................................................................................285
13.3 基于.Net 的 Web 服务客户端程序......................................................................285
13.3.1 Web 服务客户端程序代理类.......................................................................286
13.3.2 HTTP-GET、HTTP-POST 和 SOAP 协议..................................................286
13.3.3 使用代理类的 Web 服务客户端程序..........................................................286
13.3.4 Visual Studio.Net 建立 Web 服务客户端程序........................................287
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13.4 建立 Web 服务客户端程序一般方法...................................................................288
13.5 发布和发现 Web 服务...........................................................................................289
13.5.1 Web 服务目录...............................................................................................289
13.5.2 Web 服务发现...............................................................................................289